Ex  ICtbrtfi 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


"When  you  leave,  please  leave  this  book 

Because  it  has  been  said 
''Ever' thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


i 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/summaryhistoricaOOdurs 


A  SUMMARY 


HISTORICAL,  GEOGRAPHICAL, 

AND 

STATISTICAL  VIEW 

OF  THE 

CITY  OF  NEW  YORK; 

TOGETHER  WITH  SOME  NOTICES 
OF 

BROOKLYN,  WILLIAMSBURGH,  &c., 

IN  ITS 

ENVIRONS. 

PREPARED  TO  ACCOMPANY  THE  TOPOGRAPHICAL  MAP 
OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  NEW  YORK. 


NEW  YORK : 

PUBLISHED  BY  J.  H.  COLTON  &  CO. 

No.  4  Spruce  Street. 


183G. 


Entered  according  to  the  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1836,  by 
J.  IJ.  Colton  and  Co.  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  district  court  for 
the  Southern  district  of  New  York. 


CONSULTING  INDEX. 

To  ascertain  the  position  of  the  Public  Buildings  and 
Churches  mentioned  in  the  Index,  observe  the  letters  an- 
nexed to  it,  then  find  the  corresponding  letters  on  the  top 
or  bottom  and  sides  of  the  map;  from  these  letters  pass  the 
eye  along  the  ranges  North  or  South  and  East  or  West 
until  they  intersect.  In  the  square  in  which  they  meet, 
the  place  sought  for  will  be  found. 


STEREOTYPED  BY  F.  F.  RIPLEY 
NEW- YORK. 


CONTEXTS. 


PAGE 

Historical  Sketches   5 

Mayors  of  the  city  of  New  York   12 

Geographical  Features   13 

Distance  of  New  York  from  various  places   13 

Growth  and  prosperity   14 

Population  at  different  periods   17 

Public  Buildings   19 

Public  Works   23 

Steamboat  Lines   25 

Colleges,  Academies,  and  Schools   25 

Medical  Institutions, — Literary  and  Scientific  Institu- 
tions,— Religious,  Moral,  and  Benevolent  Insti- 
tutions  28 

List  of  Churches   29 

Banks   34 

Periodicals   35 

Wards   35 

List  of  Streets,  &c   36 

City  of  Brooklyn   43 

Churches   45 

Literary  Institutions   45 

Banks,  Insurance  Companies,  and  Newspapers   45 

Williamsburgh   46 

Jersey  City   46 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES. 


New  York  Island,  called  also  Manhattan,  from  the  name 
of  the  chief  of  the  native  tribe  which  originally  inhabited 
it,  was  discovered  in  1609,  by  Henry  Hudson,  an  experi- 
enced English  navigator,  then  in  the  service  of  the  Dutch 
West  India  Company.  He  explored  the  river,  since  call- 
ed by  his  name,  as  far  as  Albany.  He  found  the  natives 
on  the  western  shore  friendly,  and  traded  with  them; 
while  those  on  the  eastern  shore  were  less  friendly,  and  a 
tribe  inhabiting  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  New  York 
were  particularly  hostile,  and  declined  all  intercourse  and 
trade.  He  returned  to  Dartmouth,  in  England,  October 
4th,  1609,  whence  he  transmitted  an  account  of  his  dis- 
coveries to  his  employers  in  Holland.  In  1G10,  the  Dutch 
West  India  Company  sent  a  ship  to  Hudson  River,  to 
trade.  The  hostility  of  the  natives  near  New-York,  and 
the  greater  quantity  of  furs  to  be  obtained  in  the  interior, 
induced  them  to  fix  their  first  trading  establishment  on  an 
island  in  the  river,  a  little  below  Albany.  It  appears, 
however,  that  in  1612,  they  had  a  settlement  and  fort  on 
York  Island.  This  fortification  was  only  a  redoubt,  near 
the  corner  of  Garden-street  and  Broadway,  overlooking 
the  Hudson  River. 

At  first,  the  Indians  refused  to  sell  any  land  on  the 
island  to  the  Dutch ;  but,  in  1623,  they  obtained  leave  of 
the  natives  to  build  a  better  fort  on  Manhattan  Island, 
having,  a  short  time  previous,  purchased  of  them  the 
land  on  which  the  city  of  New  York  now  stands.  The 
fort  was  built  in  the  form  of  a  regular  square,  with  four 
bastions,  on  a  piece  of  land  at  the  junction  of  the  North 
and  East  Rivers. 

The  houses  for  the  officers  of  the  government  and  for 
the  citizens  were,  at  first,  built  within  the  fort.  After- 
ward, as  there  was  not  sufficient  room  for  houses  for  all 
the  inhabitants  within  the  fort,  they  were  built  near  it  on 


A  2 


6 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES. 


the  outside,  and  Pearl-street,  the  first  that  was  made,  was 
formed  by  them.  In  1642,  a  church  was  built  in  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  fort. 

This  fortification  was,  at  successive  periods,  strength- 
ened, by  making  the  wall  thicker  on  the  outside  of  the 
first  wall,  until  it  became  a  place  of  very  considerable 
strength.  When  the  English  took  the  place  in  1G64,  the 
fort  had  42  guns,  which  were  12  and  18  poimders,  mostly 
brass,  and  very  neatly  cast. 

Some  of  the  settlements  in  North  America  were  made 
by  persons  who  fled  from  religious  persecution ;  but  the 
settlement  at  New  York  was  made,  primarily,  for  the 
purpose  of  trade.  The  first  emigrants  devoted  them- 
selves exclusively  to  traffic  with  the  Indians,  and  with 
much  success,  as  the  following  returns,  made  to  the  Hol- 
land Fur  Company,  evince. 

Years.  Beavers.  Otters.  Value. 


The  fortification  erected  at  New  York  was  called  Fort 
Amsterdam,  and  the  original  name  of  New  York  was 
New  Amsterdam.  The  first  governor  of  this  colony  was 
Wouter  Van  T wilier,  who  entered  on  the  duties  of  his 
office  in  June,  1629,  and  continued  in  office  nine  years. 

The  first  City  Hall,  Stadt  House,  or  Tavern,  was  erect- 
ed in  1644,  on  the  corner  of  Pearl-street  and  Coenties'- 
slip,  and  continued  for  many  years  the  seat  of  the  courts, 
and  all  the  public  meetings  of  the  citizens.  The  first 
public  school  was  established  in  the  City  Hall,  in  1653. 

In  1656,  a  market-house  was  built  near  the  present  cor- 
ner of  Pearl  and  Broad  streets ;  and  the  city  then  con- 
tained 120  houses,  and  1000  inhabitants,  including  the 
garrison.  The  first  wharf  was  built  by  the  burgomasters 
of  the  city,  where  Whitehall-street  now  is  ;  and  the 
governor's  house  stood  opposite  where  Water-street  com- 
mences. 

The  first  map  of  the  city  was  constructed  in  1660,  and 


1624. 
1625. 
1626. 
1627. 
1628. 
1629. 
1630. 
1632. 
1633. 
1635. 


4,000 
5,295 
7,258 
7,520 
6,951 
5,913 
6,041 

13,513 
8,800 

14,891 


700 
463 
857 
370 
734 
681 
1,058 
1,661 
1,383 
1,413 


$10,850 
14,330 
17,020 
22,648 
24,430 
24,834 
27,205 
57,250 
36,550 
53,970 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES.  7 

sent  to  Holland  by  Governor  Stuyvesant.  In  1662,  a 
windmill  was  erected,  near  the  present  City  Hotel. 

In  1664,  the  city  was  surrendered  to  a  British  force, 
and  all  public  property  was  confiscated.  The  territory 
had  previously  been  in  dispute  between  the  Dutch  and 
English. 

The  first  mayor,  after  the  conquest,  was  Thomas 
Willet,  Esq.,  a  respectable  merchant  of  that  day,  who 
usually  resided  at  Swanzey,  at  the  head  of  Narraganset 
Bay,  who  had  trading-houses  established  from  Kennebec 
to  the  Delaware ;  and  particularly  at  New  Amsterdam, 
(New  York,)  and  Fort  Orange,  (Albany.) 

In  1673,  the  first  post-rider  began  his  trips  to  and  from 
Boston,  once  in  three  weeks.  In  July  of  this  year,  the 
Dutch  retook  the  city,  and  the  fort  was  surrendered  by  I 
Captain  Manning,  its  commander,  without  firing  a  shot,  | 
and  Antonio  Colves  was  appointed  governor  ;  but,  in  the  I 
next  year,  it  was  restored  to  the  English,  and  Manning  j 
was  tried  by  a  court-martial  for  treachery  and  cowardice, 
and  sentenced  to  have  his  sword  broke  over  his  head. 

In  1675,  the  streets  were  to  be  cleaned  every  Saturday, 
or  ofiener,  and  cartmen  obliged  to  carry  away  the  dirt,  I 
or  forfeit  their  license. 

In  1676,  a  law  passed  to  pave  streets.  The  Heeren 
Gracht,  or  Broad-sireet,  was  filled  up,  (with  the  exception  i 
of  a  narrow  canal  in  the  middle,)  levelled,  and  paved,  i 
Before  this,  the  water  came  up  to  Garden-street,  through  ( 
which  the  ferry-boats  passed.  In  1677,  the  city  contained 
about  12  streets,  and  384  houses. 

The  first  House  of  Representatives  convened  in  1683. 
At  that  time,  there  belonged  to  the  city  3  barques,  3  i 
brigantines,  26  sloops,  and  48  open  boats.    On  the  16th  of  I 
July,  1684,  the  first  city  watch  was  appointed,  consisting  | 
of  twelve  persons,  at  12  pence  a  night. 

In  1688,  the  assessors'  valuation  of  property  in  the  sev- ; 
eral  wards,  which  were  called  West,  South,  East,  and 
Dock  Wards,  together  with  Harlaem  and  the  Bowery,  i 
amounted  to  78,23  R  Of  this  sum,  29,254Z.  was  in  the 
South  Ward. 

The  first  order  for  lighting  the  city  was  passed  Novem- ! 
ber  23d,  1697,  by  which  the  owners  of  houses  were  re- 
quired to  put  lights  in  their  windows  fronting  the  streets.  | 
under  penalty  of  nine  pence  for  each  night  of  default ; ! 
and  on  the  2d  of  December  following,  it  was  ordered,  j 
"  that  every  seventh  house  do  hang  out  a  pole  with  a  lan- 1 


A  3 


8 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES. 


tern  and  candle ;  and  the  said  seven  houses  do  pay  an 
equal  portion  of  the  expense." 

In  1684,  the  rates  of  ferriage  to  Nassau  Island,  (Long 
Island,)  were,  for  a  single  person,  8  stivers  in  wampum, 
or  a  silver  twopence.  Persons  in  company,  half  the 
above ;  or  if  after  sunset,  double  price.  Each  horse  or 
beast  one  shilling,  if  single,  or  nine  pence,  in  company. 
Rip  Van  Dam,  being  the  "  fairest  bidder"  for  the  ferry, 
had  it  on  a  lease  of  7  years,  at  1651.  per  annum. 

In  1699,  the  old  City  Hall,  in  Pearl-street,  at  the  head 
of  Coenties'-slip,  was  disposed  of,  by  "  public  outcry,"  for 
9201.  A  new  City  Hall  was  erected,  which  cost  1151Z. 
185.  3d. 

In  1718,  a  Ropewalk  was  established  in  Broadway, 
near  the  Park,  (then  called  the  common,  which  was 
overspread  with  brush  and  underwood.")  In  1725,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  called  the  New  York  Gazette,  was 
published. 

In  1729,  a  library  of  1642  volumes,  which  belonged  to 
Dr.  Millington  of  England,  deceased,  was  presented  to 
the  city,  through  the  Society,  in  London,  for  Propagating 
the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts.  They  arrived  in  safety,  and 
I  were  placed  in  a  room  devoted  to  the  purpose,  in  the 
City  Hall ;  and  the  thanks  of  the  corporation  were  re- 
turned, for  the  munificent  gift.  Three  pence  a  foot  were 
this  year  given  for  land  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway, 
near  the  Battery. 

In  1732,  the  first  stage  began  to  run  between  New  York 
and  Boston,  once  a  month,  and  was  fourteen  days  on  the 
journey.  In  1733,  a  law  was  passed  to  preserve  the  fish 
in  Fresh  Water  Pond,  now  Canal-street  and  the  streets 
contiguous.  Only  one  coach  existed  in  New  York  in 
1745,  which  was  owned  by  Lady  Murray.  To  make 
purchases,  at  this  time,  in  the  market,  it  was  necessary  to 
speak  the  Dutch  language.  In  1741,  the  celebrated  Negro 
Plot  occurred,  in  which  154  negroes  and  20  white  persons 
were  committed  to  prison;  55  were  convicted,  and 78  con- 
fessed. 13  negroes  were  burned,  20  were  hung,  and 
70  were  transported  to  foreign  parts.  The  number  of 
houses  in  1746,  was  1834,  having  increased  418  in  eleven 
years.  In  1752,  an  Exchange  was  built  at  the  lower  end 
of  Broad  street,  on  the  west  side,  by  private  subscription, 
and  the  corporation  gave  100Z.  towards  the  same.  In 
1755,  it  was  let  one  year  from  the  11th  of  February,  for 
30Z.    1762,  there  were  60  firemen  in  the  city. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES.  9 

In  1763,  complaint  having  been  made  by  the  citizens  of 
the  high  price  of  meat,  &c.  in  the  market,  the  following 
prices  were  settled  by  the  corporation.  Beef  4hd.  per  lb., 
pork  5d.,  hind  quarter  of  veal  5d.,  fore  quarter  4kd.,  mutton 
Ud.,  and  butter  Is.  3d.  per  lb. ;  milk  6  coppers  per  quart. 

1765.  A  Congress,  composed  of  delegates  from  the  co- 
lonies, met  at  New  York.  The  stamp  act  produced  great 
excitement ;  and  some  violent  proceedings  took  place.  In 
1769,  the  New  York  Hospital  was  founded,  by  subscrip- 
tion. In  1770,  the  expense  of  lighting  the  city  was  1601. 
per  annum.  The  statue  of  King  George  the  Third,  was 
ordered  to  be  erected  in  the  Bowling-green.  A  statue  of 
William  Pitt,  Earl  of  Chatham,  the  warm  friend  of 
America,  was  also  erected  in  Wall,  at  the  intersection  of 
William  street.  In  1771,  an  iron  railing  was  made  round 
the  Bowling-green,  at  an  expense  of  800Z. 

In  January  and  February,  1776,  the  American  army  en- 
tered New  York.  July  8th,  independence  was  proclaim- 
ed, and  the  declaration  of  it  was  read  to  each  brigade  in 
the  continental  army.  Immediately  after  the  battle  on 
Long  Island,  August  26th,  the  American  army  retreated 
from  the  city,  and  it  was  taken  possession  of  by  the 
British.  On  the  21st  of  September,  492  houses,  being  one 
eighth  part  of  the  city,  were  burned.  The  city  at  this 
time  contained  about  4200  houses,  and  30,000  inhabit- 
ants. 

The  winter  of  1780  was  so  severe,  that  two  cakes  of 
ice  completely  closed  the  river  from  Powles  Hook  to 
Courtlandt-street.  Hundreds  of  persons  passed  daily  on 
the  ice,  together  with  artillery,  sleighs  with  provisions, 
and  stores  of  all  kinds.  The  river  remained  closed  for  a 
considerable  time.  By  measurement  on  the  ice,  it  was 
found  to  be  2000  yards  wide. 

November  25th,  1783,  the  city  was  evacuated  by  the  British 
troops,  and  entered  by  the  American  army  under  General 
Washington,  with  great  rejoicing.  The  number  of  the 
inhabitants  in  the  city,  at  this  time,  did  not  exceed  twenty 
thousand.  Murray-street  constituted  the  northern  boun- 
dary of  the  city.  There  were  few  brick  houses.  All  the 
churches,  except  the  Episcopal,  had  been  destroyed,  or 
used  for  military  purposes.  Soon  after  the  evacuation  by 
the  British,  many  of  the  former  inhabitants  of  the  city  re- 
turned, and  its  prospects  brightened. 

In  1785,  the  first  Congress  of  the  United  States,  after  the ' 
revolutionary  war,  met  in  New  York,  and  was  organized 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES. 


in  the  City  Hall,  which  stood  in  Wall,  corner  of  Nassau 
street.    The  city  expenses  in  1786  were  10,3082.  4s. 

April  30th,  1789,  General  Washington  was  inaugurated 
as  first  President  of  the  United  States,  in  the  gallery  of 
|  the  old  City  Hall,  facing  Broad-street.  The  exports  from 
|  New  York  in  1791,  to  foreign  ports,  amounted  to 
j  $2,505,465.  The  city  was  divided  into  7  wards.  One 
!  hundred  lots  of  ground  in  Broadway  and  the  adjacent 
|  streets,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  New  York  Hospital,  25  by 
!  100  feet,  were  offered  for  sale,  at  251.  per  lot.  The  Mayor's 
salary,  at  this  time,  was  8001.  per  annum. 

In  the  summer  of  1795,  seven  hundred  and  thirty-two 
persons  died  of  the  yellow  fever.  The  expense  of  all  the 
printing  of  the  City  Corporation,  at  this  time,  was  352. 
per  annum.  In  December,  1800,  eight  lots  of  ground,  ad- 
joining the  public  burying-ground,  (now  Washington 
Square,)  in  the  Seventh  Ward,  were  purchased  by  the 
;  Corporation  for  $1000. 

In  October  29th,  1801,  Broadway  was  ordered  to  be 
opened  through  Thomas  Randall's  land,  (now  called  the 
!  Sailor's  Snug-harbour,)  to  meet  the  Bowery  road;  and  hills 
l  levelled  and  carted  into  Fresh  Water  Pond,  which,  to  this 
!  time,  was  the  northern  limit  of  Broadway,  and  far  beyond 
;  the  thickly  settled  parts  of  the  city.  In  1804,  hackney- 
!  coaches  were  licensed.  On  the  night  of  December  18th, 
1 1804,  a  great  fire  destroyed  40  stores  and  dwellinghouses 
i  on  Wall,  Front,  and  Water  streets,  and  property  to  the 
!  amount  of  between  one  and  two  millions  of  dollars. 

In  1805,  the  New  York  Free  School  Society  was  incor- 
porated. Daring  the  summer  and  autumn  of  this  year, 
1 280  persons  died  of  the  yellow  fever.  One  third  of  the 
inhabitants  left  their  dwellings.  The  population,  at  this 
itime,  amounted  to  75,770.  In  1807,  Governeur  Morris, 
De  Witt  Clinton,  and  others,  were  appointed  by  the  Le- 
;  gislature,  to  lay  out  into  streets  and  avenues  the  whole  of 
j  Manhattan,  or  York  Island,  which  was  subsequently  ef- 
fected. July,  1809,  Steam  Ferry-boats  established  on 
Powles  Hook  ferry. 

On  the  19th  of 'May,  1811,  a  great  fire  in  Chatham- 
street  consumed  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  dwelling- 
houses  ;  and  the  Jail,  and  the  Brick  Church  were  saved 
with  great  difficulty.  July  4th,  the  corporation  met,  for 
I  the  first  time,  in  the  new  City  Hall ;  and  in  August, 
!  several  public  offices  were  removed  to  it. 

In  December,  1814,  there  were,  in  the  city,  92,448  in- 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES.  11  | 

habitants  ;  3,212  freeholders ;  5,G12  owners  of  real  estate  I 
over  150  dollars;  13,804  tenants;  4,138  jurors;  3,495  j 
aliens  ;  and  976  slaves. 

In  1816,  the  large  sum  of  16,000,000  of  dollars,  duties  j 
on  merchandise  imported,  was  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  | 
the  United  States,  by  the  City  of  New  York  alone.   July  j 
4th,  1818,  the  remains  of  General  Montgomery  were  re- 
moved from  Quebec,  by  order  of  the  New  York  legisla- 
ture,  and  deposited,  with  distinguished  military  honours,  j 
beneath  his  monument  in  the  portico  of  St.  Paul's  Church. 
The  Park  was  enclosed  on  Chambers-street  and  Broad- 1 
way,  by  an  iron  railing,  which  wras  extended  in  1821,  so  j 
as  to  enclose  the  whole  area.    Twelve  lots  at  the  new  I 
Albany  Basin,  in  Greenwich-street,  belonging  to  the  cor-  j 
poration,  were  sold  for  $17,800.    Deaths,  this  year,  3265. ! 

In  1821,  Mr.  John  Randall  finished  his  surveys  and  i 
maps  of  the  island,  having  been  engaged  in  the  business, 
under  the  commissioners,  for  ten  years.  The  total  ex-  i 
pense  was  $32,484  98  cents.  In  the  summer  of  1822, j 
three  hundred  and  eighty-eight  persons  died  of  the  yellow  j 
fever,  which  infected  a  considerable  portion  of  the  lower  I 
part  of  the  city,  and  produced  an  almost  total  suspension 
of  business.  In  November  25th  of  this  year,  burials  in 
Trinity  Church-yard  were  discontinued. 

In  January,  1823,  a  law  was  passed  forbidding  burials 
south  of  Grand-street.  During  this  year,  the  old  Potters 
Field  was  converted  into  the  beautiful  Washington 
Square.  In  1824,  sixteen  hundred  houses  werebuilt,  chiefly 
in  the  upper  wards,  seven  hundred  and  fifty  of  which  were 
of  brick.  Anthracite  coal,  from  Pennsylvania,  first  began  ! 
to  be  introduced. 

May  11th,  1825,  gas  pipes  were  laid  in  Broadway,  from 
Canal-street  to  the  Battery,  on  both  sides.  October  26th, 
the  completion  of  the  Erie  Canal  was  celebrated.  In  1 
July,  1827,  the  Merchant's  Exchange  was  completed. 
May  2d,  1829,  the  American  Institute  of  the  City  of  New  j 
York  was  chartered. 

In  the  summer  of  1832,  the  Cholera  swept  off  great 
numbers  of  the  inhabitants.  The  whole  number  of  deaths  j 
in  the  city,  in  July,  was  2,467 ;  in  August,  2,206  ;  during 
the  year,  10,359.  The  number  of  pupils  taught  in  the  Public 
Schools,  in  1833,  was  6,140  boys  ;  4,320  girls  ;  total 
10,460.  The  number  of  inmates  of  the  Alms  House  at 
Bellevue,  in  January,  1834,  was  2011,  of  which  1051 
were  natives,  and  960  foreigners. 


12  MAYORS. 

On  the  night  of  the  16th  of  December,  1835,  the  most 
calamitous  fire  took  place,  which  was  ever  witnessed  in 
New  York,  or  in  the  United  States.  A  space  of  between 
thirty  and  forty  acres,  covered  with  the  most  valuable 
stores,  filled  with  rich  merchandise,  extending  on  the 
East  River  from  Old-slip  to  Coenties'-slip,  and  extending 
back  to  Wall,  and  nearly  to  Broad-street,  was  desolated 
b}^  the  fire.  The  number  of  buildings  burned,  was  about 
648,  and  the  property  destroyed  amounted,  by  the  estima- 
tion of  a  committee,  publicly  appointed,  to  between 
seventeen  and  eighteen  millions  of  dollars.  The  Mer- 
chant's Exchange,  and  the  South  Dutch  Church,  were 
among  the  buildings  burned. 

Mayors  of  the  city  of  New  York,  from  the  period  of  its  con- 
guest  by  the  English,  to  the  present  time. 


1665.  Thomas  Willet, 
1674.  Nicholas  De  Myer, 
1675  William  Duval, 

1677.  S.  Van  Cortland, 

1678.  Thomas  Delaval, 

1679.  Francis  Romcolt, 

1680.  William  Beekman, 
1682.   Stenwick, 

1 1687.  Nicholas  Bayard, 

1 1688.  S.  Van  Cortland, 

1 1689.  P.  D.  Leroy, 
1691.  John  Lawrence, 

!  1692.  Abram  Depeyster, 
1694.  Charles  Lodwick, 

1699.  David  Provost, 

1700.  Isaac  D.  Dromer, 

1701.  Thomas  Hood, 

1702.  Philip  French, 

1703.  William  Bastroo, 
1707.  Ebenezcr  AVilson, 
1710.  Jac.  Van  Cortland, 
1720.  Robert  Walton, 

1724.  Francis  Harrison, 

1725.  Johannes  Jansen, 

1726.  Robert  Lurting, 


1735.  Paul  Richards, 
1737.  Daniel  Horsemander, 
1739.  John  Cruger, 
1744.  Stephen  Bayard, 
1747.  Edward  Holland, 
1756.  John  Cruger, 
1766.  Whitehead  Hicks, 
1777.  David  Matthews, 
1784.  James  Duane, 
1789.  Richard  Varick, 
1801.  Edward  Livingston, 
1803.  De  Witt  Clinton, 
1807.  Marinus  Willet, 

1810.  Jacob  Radcliff, 

1811.  De  Witt  Clinton, 
1815.  Jacob  Radcliff, 

1817.  John  Ferguson, 

1818.  Cadw'd  D.  Colden, 
1821.  Stephen  Allen, 
1824.  William  Paulding, 

1826.  Philip  Hone, 

1827.  William  Paulding, 
1829.  Walter  Bowne, 

1833.  Gideon  Lee, 

1834.  Corn's  W.  Lawrence. 


The  present  salary  of  the  mayor  is  $3000  per  annum. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  FEATURES. 


13 


GEOGRAPHICAL  FEATURES. 

The  City  Hall  is  in  latitude  40g  42'  40",  longitude  74° 
V  8"  west  from  Greenwich.  The  whole  island,  which 
constitutes  the  City  and  County  of  New  York,  is  thirteen 
and  a  half  miles  long,  with  an  average  breadth  of  oner 
mile,  containing  fourteen  thousand  acres.  The  face  of 
the  island  was  originally  uneven  and  rough,  as  is  now 
the  case  in  the  northern  parts,  with  here  and  there  low 
valleys,  and  marshy  swamps  ;  but  the  hills,  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  island,  have  been  levelled,  and  the  swamps 
and  marshes  filled  up.  Many  creeks  and  inlets  on  the 
margin  of  the  rivers,  have  also  disappeared,  and  the  large 
ledge  of  rocks,  which  occupied  the  site  of  the  Battery, 
has  long  since  been  buried  beneath  the  made  ground, 
which  constitutes  that  beautiful  promenade.  A  large 
part  of  Water,  Front,  and  South  streets,  on  the  East  River, 
and  Greenwich,  Washington,  and  West  streets,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  in  the  south  part  of  the  city,  occupy 
ground  which  has  been  made  by  filling  in  these  rivers.  | 
In  the  vicinity  of  Canal-street,  was  formerly  a  large  pond 
of  fresh  water,  extending  nearly  across  the  island,  called 
the  Collect,  which  drained  a  surface  of  400  acres  of  land. 

The  streets  were  originally  laid  out  according  to  the 
make  of  the  ground,  and  the  course  of  the  rivers,  and,  in 
imitation  of  European  cities,  were  many  of  them  very 
narrow ;  but,  at  a  great  expense,  they  have  been  widened 
and  improved  in  latter  times,  in  the  older  parts  of  the 
city ;  and  in  the  newer  parts,  care  has  been  taken  to  lay 
out  the  streets  straight,  regularly,  and  of  a  sufficient  width. 


New  York  is  distant  from — 

miles .  miles. 

Boston,      -      -  -   210 1  Hudson,     -      -  -  115 

Providence,       -  -    180  Albany,     -  145 

New  Haven,      -            73  Saratoga  Springs,  -  182 

Philadelphia,     -  -     90  j  Lake  George,    -  -  210 

Baltimore,         -  -    190!  Whitehall,  on  Lake 

Washington,     -  -   228     Champlain,    -  -  217 

Norfolk,     -      -  -   329  Burlington,  Vt.  -  -  292 

Charleston,       -  -   G70  Pittsburgh,  N.  Y.  -  309! 

Savannah,         -  -   760  Canada  line,      -  -  329 

St.  Augustine,    -  -    900  Montreal,  -  372 

Havanna,  -                1385  Quebec,     -      -  -  513 

New  Orleans,    -  -  2047  Utica,        -      -  -  239 

Newburdi,  N.  Y.  -     GO  Rochester,  -      -  -  403 


Poughkeepsie,  75  Buffalo,  (direct  route,)  357 


14 


GROWTH  AND  PROSPERITY. 


GROWTH  AND  PROSPERITY. 

Some  idea  of  the  progress  of  improvement  in  the  city- 
may  be  formed  from  the  following  sketches  of  the  history 
of  streets. 

In  1623,  the  houses  on  the  outside  of  the  fort  formed 
Pearl-street,  the  first  that  was  established  in  the  city.  In 
1653,  the  great  wall  of  earth  and  stones  was  made,  from 
North  to  East  River,  running  along  between  Wall  and ! 
Pine  streets,  with  a  gate  near  the  present  corner  of  Wall 
and  Pearl  streets,  called  the  water-gate  ;  and  another  in 
Broadway,  called  the  land-gate.  This  wall  was  designed 
for  a  defence  against  sudden  attacks  from  the  Indians. 

In  1656,  a  market-house  was  built,  near  the  corner  of 
Pearl  and  Broad  streets,  (then  called  by  olher  names.)  i 
Several  new  streets  were  laid  out.  In  1668,  the  first ! 
wagon  road  to  Harlaem  was  made.  1676,  Heeren 
Gracht,  or  Broad-street,  filled  in,  levelled,  and  paved.  It 
was  before  a  creek.  1684,  New-street,  Smith-street,  and 
Beaver  Graft,  (street,)  ordered  to  be  paved.  In  1687, 
Heergraft,  or  Gentlemen's  Canal,  an  inlet  in  Broad-street, 
was  limited  by  frame-work  to  16  feet,  and  the  streets  or 
cart-way  on  each  side  to  28  feet,  amounting,  in  all,  to  72 
feet,  the  present  average  width  of  the  street. 

In  1691,  surveyors  were  appointed  to  lay  out  streets 
and  lots,  and  to  have  six  shillings  each.  July  7th,  "  Or- 
dered, that  the  poisonous  and  stinking  weeds  within  this 
city,  before  every  one's  door,  be  forthwith  pluckt  up,  upon 
the  forfeiture  of  three  shillings  for  the  neglect  thereof." 
In  1692,  one  wharf  was  built,  fronting  King-street,  (now 
Pine-street,)  of  thirty  feet  wide;  and  two  other  wharves, 
of  twelve  feet  wide,  on  each  side  of  Maiden-slip,  running 
to  high-water  mark,  which  was  then,  probably,  as  far  up  j 
as  William-street.  | 

In  1693,  eighty-six  cords  of  wood,  at  13  shillings  a  cord, 
were  ordered  for  stockades,  and  to  make  a  platform  for  a  \ 
battery,  on  the  outermost  rocks,  before  the  fort.  1696,  the  j 
petition  of  Captain  Tennis  De  Kay,  that  "  a  carte-way  be 
made,  leading  out  of  the  Broad-street,  to  the  street  that 
runs  by  the  Pye-woman's,  (now  Nassau-street,)  leading  to  < 
the  commons  of  the  city,  (now  the  Park ;)  and  that  he  j 
will  undertake  to  doo  the  same,  provided  he  may  have  the 
soyle"  1704,  Wall-street  paved  on  the  south  side,  from  \ 
Smith-street,  (William-street,)  to  the  English  church. 
1707,  Broadway  paved,  and  the  butcher's  shop  pulled  j 


GROWTH  AND  PROSPERITY. 


15 


down.  1718,  a  rope-wralk  established  in  Broadway,  oppo- 
site the  commons,  (Park.) 

In  17*29,  Rector-street,  and  other  streets  south  and  west 
of  it,  laid  out.  1736,  Water-street  first  mentioned,  as  ex- 
tending from  Maiden-lane  to  Countess  Key,  (Coenties'- 
slip.)  1737,  a  market-house  erected  in  Broadway,  oppo- 
site Crown-street,  (Liberty-street.)  In  1746,  Thames  and 
Ferry  streets  opened.  1750,  Dey-street  opened,  regulated, 
and  paved,  from  Broadway  to  the  river.  1755,  all  the 
streets  in  the  North  Ward  paved.  1759,  Chatham-street 
began  to  be  laid  out,  and  a  few  houses  erected  on  it.  1760, 
the  name  of  Burling-slip  first  occurs.  1761,  Vesey-street 
regulated  and  paved,  also  Division  or  Partition  street. 
1765,  Robinson-street,  (now  Park  Place,)  laid  out  and 
regulated.  1771,  Warren-street  laid  out  and  regulated. 
1773,  Murray-street  regulated. 

In  1774,  Chatham-street,  leading  from  St.  Paul's  to 
Fresh  Water  Pond,  was  named  after  the  popular  Earl  of 
Chatham.  In  1784,  Greenwich-street  was  regulated.  In 
1785,  Mulberry-street  was  opened  and  regulated.  1787, 
James-street  regulated.  In  1789,  Broadway  was  opened 
through  the  fort  to  the  Battery.  1792,  lots  filling  in  fast, 
along  Front  and  South  streets. 

In  1794,  the  various  parts  of  a  certain  street  called 
Smith-street,  William-street,  and  King  George's  street, 
ordered  to  be  called  William-street  ;    and  Broadwray, 
which  above  Vesey-street  was  called  Great  George-street,  j 
was  ordered  to  take  the  name  of  Broadway,  through  the  j 
whole  extent.    Little  Dock-street,  Pearl-street,  Hanover-  j 
square,  and  Q,ueen-street,  which  form  one  continuous  j 
street,  were  ordered  to  take  the  name  of  Pearl-street,  j 
Stone-street,  Duke-street,  and  the  little  alley  to  Hanover- 
square  received  the  name  of  Stone-street.  Verletten- 
burg,  or  Flattenbarrack,  and  Garden-street,  altered  to 
Garden-street.    King-street  named  Pine-street.  Little 
dueen-street  called  Cedar-street.     Crown-street  called 
Liberty-street.    Prince-street  called  Rose-street.  Beaver 
and  Princess'  street  called  Beaver-street. 

In  1795,  South-street  was  laid  out  70  feet  wide,  and  it 
was  ordered  that  no  lots  farther  out  be  granted,  or  any 
more  buildings  erected  in  that  direction.  1796,  West- 
street  laid  out,  and  the  city  bounded  and  limited  on  the 
Hudson  River.  1797,  Hudson-street  began.  1801,  Broad- 
way ordered  to  be  continued  through  Fresh  Water  Pond,  ' 
(about  Canal-street,  hitherto  the  limit  of  the  city  in  that  \ 


1(5 


GROWTH  AND  pROSt-ERlT*. 


direction,)  to  meet  the  Bowery.  1805,  Norfolk,  Esse*, 
Fourth  and  Hester  streets,  ordered  to  be  regulated  and 
paved.  North-street  opened  to  the  East  River.  The  Col- 
lect was  fast  filling  in.  Bond-street  was  proposed  to  the 
corporation. 

In  1807,  Ridge-street  was  regulated.  Bullock  was 
changed  to  Broome  street.  Hudson  Avenue  ordered  to 
be  opened.  Crosby-street  regulated.  Great  Jones-street 
ordered  to  be  opened.    Corlears-street  petitioned  for. 

In  1807,  Ridge-street  was  regulated.  The  pumps  that 
stood  in  the  middle  of  Broadway  and  Broad-street5  were 
ordered  to  be  removed  to  the  side- walks.  Various  streets, 
in  the  northeast  part  of  the  city,  laid  out.  In  1808,  Trin- 
ity Church  ceded  to  the  corporation  ground  for  extend- 
ing or  opening  the  following  streets,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  St.  John's  square,  to  the  extent  of  their  land  in 
|  that  quarter.  Greenwich,  Hudson,  Varick,  Beech, 
!  Laight,  Vestry,  Debrosses,  Watts,  Vandam,  Charlton, 
I  Barrow,  Merton,  and  Le  Roy  streets,  and  two  alleys,  one 
in  the  rear  of  St.  John's  Church,  and  the  other  from 
I  Beach  to  Laight  street.  Duane,  Barley,  and  Colden 
!  streets,  are  called  Duane-street.  Bayard  and  Fisher 
j  streets,  are  called  Bayard-street. 

|  In  1811,  Magazine-street  changed  to  Pearl-street. 
■  Maiden-lane  was  widened  on  the  south  side  from  Broad- 
j  way  to  Nassau-street.  Third  Avenue  ordered  to  be  open- 
!ed  and  regulated.  1814,  Fair-street,  now  Fulton-street, 
ordered  to  be  opened  from  Cliff-street  to  Pearl-street,  and 
the  ferry  to  Brooklyn  to  be  removed  to  the  foot  of  Fulton- 
street.  'Cliff-street  widened  and  regulated.  1815,  Hud- 
son-street ordered  to  be  opened  into  Chambers-street. 

In  1817,  the  name  of  the  triangular  spot  at  the  inter- 
section of  Pearl  and  Cherry  streets,  altered  from  St. 
George's  to  Franklin  square  ;  and  the  streets  east  of  the. 
Bowery,  from  first  to  sixth,  called  Chrystie,  Forsyth,  Eld- 
ridge,  Allen,  Orchard,  and  Ludlow,  after  several  military 
and  naval  heroes  of  the  late  war.  1822,  Maiden-lane  widen- 
ed on  the  east  side,  from  Pearl  to  William  street.  1825, 
Pearl-street  widened  at  Coenties'-slip,  the  site  of  the  old 
City  Hall.  182G,  La  Fayette  Place  opened  100  feet  wide, 
through  Vauxhall  Garden. 

Since  the  last-named  period,  many  new  streets  have 
been  opened  and  regulated,  and  numbers  have  been 
widened  and  improved. 

The  compact  part  of  the  city,  is  about  three  miles  on 


GROWTH  AND  PROSPERITY".  17 

each  river,  covering  the  south  part  of  the  island.  The  num- 
ber of  vacant  lots  in  1831,  in  all  the  wards  except  the 
12th,  which  comprises  the  island  north  of  3  miles,  was 
6352;  and  those  built  upon  and  occupied,  were  20,093, 
averaging  nearly  ten  persons  to  each  lot  built  upon.  The 
'  buildings  and  population  have  very  considerably  in- 
creased since  that  time.  The  number  of  buildings  erect- 
ed in  1834,  was  883,  of  which  three  were  churches. 

Population  of  the  city  at  different  periods. 


1790,  -  -  -  33,131 

1800,  -  -  -  60,489 

1810,  -  -  -  96,373 

1820,  -  -  -  123,706 

1825,  -  -  -  166,086 

1830,  -  -  -  202,589 

1835,  -  -  -  269,873 


1656.  -  -  -  1,000 

1673',  -  -  -  2,500 

1696,  -  -  -  4,302 

1731,  -  -  -  8,628 

1756,  -  -    .  -  10,381 

1771,  -  -  -  21,876 

1783,  -   about  -  12,000 

1786,  -  -  -  26,614 

Number  of  Houses  at  different  periods. 
1656,      -      -      -      120,1746,       -      -      -  1,834 
1673,      -      -      -      300 !  1816,       -      -      -  17,000 
1677,      ...      368  1820,       -      -      -  20,000 
1735,      -      -      -    1,416!  1828,       -      -      -  30,000 

There  are  only  six  cities  in  Europe  more  populous  than 
the  City  of  New  York,  viz. :  London,  Paris,  Constanti- 
_  nople,  St.  Petersburgh,  Naples,  Vienna. 

The  following  is  the  account  of  the  deaths  and  inter- 
ments in  the  City  of  New  York,  from  1816  to  1835,  in- 
clusive. In  1816,  2739 ;  in  1817,  2527 ;  in  1818,  3295;  in 
1819,  3176  ;  in  1820,  3515  ;  in  1821,  3542  ;  in  1822,  3231 ; 
in  1823,  3444;  in  1824,4341;  in  1825,  5919;  in  1826, 
4973;  in  1827,5118;  in  1828,  5118;  in  1829,  5094;  in 
1830,  5537:  in  1831,  6363;  in  1832,  10.359;  in  1833, 
5746  ;  in  1834,  9082  ;  in  1835,  7033.    Total,  100,287. 

The  City  of  New  York  has  become  the  great  commer- 
cial emporium  of  the  .  United  States,  to  which  circum- 
stance, its  favourable  location  and  the  enterprise  of  its  in- 
habitants have  alike  contributed.  The  city  is  18  miles 
distant  from  the  ocean,  at  Sandy  Hook.  It  has  a  fine 
harbour,  about  25  miles  in  circumference,  which  is  well 
defended  by  a  number  of  fortifications.  The  entrance 
over  the  bar,  at  Sandy  Hook,  has  a  depth  of  water  of  from 
21  tq  27  feet ;  and  thence  to  the  city,  the  channel  is  from 
30  to  35  feet  deep.    The  harbour  is  seldom  obstructed  by 


B  1 


18 


GROWTH  AND  PROSPERITY. 


ice,  and  can  be  entered  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  This 
circumstance  gives  to  the  City  of  New  York  great  advan- 
,  tages  over  some  other  principal  cities  in  the  United 
|  States.  In  consequence  of  its  insular  situation,  it  has  its 
harbour  on  three  sides  of  the  city,  and  can  accommodate, 
|  at  its  wharves,  a  great  amount  of  shipping. 

The  excellence  of  its  harbour,  and  its  central  situation, 
|  connect  it  very  conveniently  for  trade,  with  all  the  com- 
i  mercial  places  on  the  seaboard,  from  the  St.  Croix  to 
j  New  Orleans.  And  in  the  harbour  of  New  York  are 
generally  to  be  found  vessels,  not  only  from  the  principal 
ports  of  the  United  States,  but  from  the  principal  com- 
i  mercial  nations  on  the  globe. 

|  Noble  lines  of  packets  connect  the  City  of  New  York 
!  with  many  foreign  ports,  and  with  the  principal  American 

cities  on  the  Atlantic. 

The  Liverpool  line  of  Packets  consists  of  sixteen 

ships  of  the  finest  class,  one  of  which  sails  weekly  from 
I  each  city. 

The  London  line  of  Packets  consists  of  eight  large 
'  ships,  one  of  which  sails  from  each  city  once  in  two 
I  weeks. 

The  line  of  packets  between  New  York  and  Havre 
;  consists  of  sixteen  ships,  one  of  which  sails  weekly  from 
each  city. 

|    There  are  lines  of  packets  to  Kingston,  Jamaica,  to 

Carthagena,  and  to  Mexico. 

The  lines  of  packets  to  the  principal,  and  especially  the 
i  southern  ports  of  the  United  States,  are  very  numerous, 
:  and  sail  very  frequently. 

These  lines  of  packets  furnish  great  facilities  for  com- 
!  mercial  intercourse  with  the  principal  ports  in  the  United 

States,  and  with  foreign  countries;  and  they  contribute 
i  greatly  to  the  prosperity  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
I    But  the  prosperity  of  New  York  depends  as  much  upon 
:  its  facilities  for  internal,  as  for  foreign  trade.  Long 

Island  sound,  with  the  important  rivers  which  empty  into 
;  it,  connects  it  with  a  great  extent  of  country  to  the  north- 
I  east.    The  noble  Hudson,  with  its  connected  waters, 

gives  it  an  easy  communication  far  into  the  interior,  in 

the  north  and  northwest.  Human  enterprise  has  second- 
'  ed  the  intentions  of  nature,  and  completed  the  commercial 

advantages  of  the  City  of  New  York,  by  the  completion 
'  of  the  Champlain,  and  more  especially  the  great  Erie 

Canal.    By  the  former,  the  remote  North  centres  at  New 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS.  19 

York ;  and  by  the  latter,  the  still  more  remote  and  wider 
West. 

The  growth  of  the  city  has  been  rapid  in  time  past. 
Already  it  ranks  as  the  second  commercial  city  on  the 
globe  ;  and  it  must  continue  to  grow  with  the  growth  of  the 
rapidly  advancing  country,  of  which  it  will  never  cease 
to  be  the  great  commercial  emporium. 

The  valuation  of  property  in  the  City  of  New  York,  in 
the  year  1834,  amounted  to  more  than  218  millions  of 
dollars,  which  is  more  than  double  what  it  was  in  the 
year  1825. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  of  arrivals  in 
New  York,  exclusive  of  vessels  of  war,  with  the  number 
of  passengers,  for  several  years. 


Years.  Arrivals.  Passengers. 

1832,  1810,  48.589. 

1833,  1926,  41,752. 

1834,  1933,  48,111. 

1835,  2049,  35,303. 


In  1835,  the  arrivals  consisted  of  520  ships,  123  barques, 
938  brigs,  446  schooners,  6  sloops,  10  galliots,  3  frigates, 
3  sloops  of  war. 

The  shipping  belonging  to  the  port  exceeds  350,000  tons.* 

PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

C  !  c 

~d~  I  d"  The  City  Hall  is  one  of  the  most  splendid  build- 
ings in  the  United  States.  It  occupies  a  commanding 
situation,  in  the  middle  of  the  Park.  It  is  216  feet  long, 
and  105  feet  wide.  The  front  and  ends  are  of  white 
marble,  and  the  rear  is  of  brown  free-stone.  This  build- 
ing exhibits,  in  srreat  perfection,  several  orders  of  Grecian 
architecture.  Rising  from  the  .  middle  of  the  roof  is  a 
cupola,  on  which  is  a  colossal  figure  of  justice.  The 
City  Hall  contains  the  Common  Council  Room,  and  a 
great  variety  of  public  offices.  The  Common  Council 
Room  is  fitted  up  with  great  convenience  and  taste,  and 
is  ornamented  with  the  portraits  of  several  distinguished 
public  characters.  The  Governor's  Room,  in  the  centre  of 
the  building,  has  a  still  greater  number  of  portraits.  The 
foundation  of  this  building  was  laid  in  1803,  and  it  was 
completed  in  1812,  at  an  expense  of  $538,734. 

*  Much  interesting  information  re^peetinjr  the  history  find  antiquities  of  the 
City  of  New  York  may  be  found  in  the  "  Picture  of  New  York,"  published  by 
A.  T.  Goodrich,  in  1828. 


20  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

On  the  Park  are  also  the  new  City  Hall,  the  Bridewell, 
the  Record  Office,  and  the  Rotunda. 

C.  d.  The  Merchant's  Exchange  in  Wall-street,  which 
was  burnt  on  the  night  of  the  16th  of  December,  1835, 
was  an  elegant  structure,  114  feet  long,  by  150  feet  deep, 
with  a  fine  cupola.  The  foundation  of  this  building  was 
laid  in  April,  1825,  and  it  was  completed  in  about  27 
months,  having  first  been  occupied  in  July,  1827,  at  an 
expense  of  230,000  dollars. 

The  New  York  Hospital,  Masonic  Hall,  Trinity,  St. 
Paul's,  St.  John's,  and  St.  Thomas'  Episcopal  Churches ; 
Murray-street,  Wall-street,  and  Duane-street  Presbyte- 
rian Churches;  the  French  Protestant  Church,  Columbia 
College,  the  New  University,  and  Astor's  Hotel,  are  all 
commanding  public  buildings. 

C.  d.  A  new  Custom-house  is  in  a  course  of  erection, 
at  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau  streets,  and  extending 
through  to  Pine-street,  which,  when  finished,  will  be  the 
most  substantial,  and  one  of  the  most  elegant  buildings  in 
the  city.  It  is  to  be  177  feet  long,  and  89  feet  wide,  and 
is  to  be  built  after  the  model  of  the  Parthenon  at  Athens. 
The  fronts  will  present  splendid  colonnades,  with  massy 
columns  of  the  Doric  order,  more  than  five  feet  in 
diameter,  and  thirty-two  feet  high,  including  the  capitals. 
The  building  is  to  be  two  stories  above  the  basement,  ex- 
cepting the  great  business  hall,  a  part  of  which  is  to  be 
vaulted  to  the  roof.  The  centre  of  the  building  will  be 
surmounted  by  a  dome,  sixty-two  feet  in  diameter.  The 
floors  will  be  supported  on  arches  of  stone,  and  the  build- 
ing will  be  incombustible.  It  is  estimated  that  it  will  cost, 
when  completed,  half  a  million  of  dollars. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  for  rebuilding  the  Mer- 
chant's Exchange  in  Wall-street,  in  a  more  extensive  and 
splendid  form  than  that  of  the  building  which  was  burnt 
in  December,  1835.  The  building,  it  is  estimated,  will 
cost  six  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

There  are  three  Theatres  in  the  city  : — 

C.  d.    Park  Theatre,  in  Park  Row,  erected  in  1796. 

D.  d.  The  American  Theatre,  Bowery,  between 
Bayard  and  Walker  street,  erected  in  1826. 

D.  d.  Franklin  Theatre,  in  Chatham  Square,  erected 
in  1835. 

D.  c.  The  Italian  Opera,  in  Church-street,  a  splendid 
establishment,  has  been  discontinued  for  want  of  sufficient 
patronage. 


PUBLIC  PLACES,  21 

D.  c.  The  Richmond  Hill  Theatre  is  now  converted  into 
a  circus. 

PUBLIC  PLACES. 

C.  c.  The  Battery  is  a  beautiful  public  ground,  situ- 
ated at  the  souiheast  end  of  the  island,  at  the  junction  of 
the  North  and  East  Rivers.  It  presents  a  fine  view  of  the 
bay,  with  its  islands,  and  the  adjacent  shores  of  New 
Jersey,  and  Long  and  Staten  Islands.  The  Battery  is  in 
the  form  of  a  crescent,  and  covers  about  eleven  acres  of 
ground,  laid  out  in  grass-plats  and  walks,  and  beautifully 
shaded  with  trees.  On  the  side  next  to  the  city  is  an  iron 
railing.  A  part  of  this  ground  was  the  site  of  the  original 
Dutch  fort ;  and  the  rest  has  been  filled  in,  where  was 
formerly  a  ledge  of  rocks. 

Castle  Garden,  built  on  a  mole,  which  is  connected 
with  the  Battery  by  a  bridge,  was  originally  erected  for  a 
fortification ;  but  having  ceased  to  be  necessary  for  that 
purpose,  it  was  ceded  by  the  Uni:ed  States  to  the  corpora- 
tion of  the  city,  in  1823.  Within  its  walls,  over  ten 
thousand  persons  may  be  accommodated  ;  and  it  is  used 
as  a  place  for  public  exhibitions  and  meetings. 

The  Bowling  Green,  the  first  public  square  establish- 
ed in  the  city,  is  situated  at  the  southern  termination  of 
Broadway  ;  and  is  of  an  elliptical  form,  220  feet  long,  and 
140  feet  broad.  In  the  middle  of  this  area,  which  is  now 
surrounded  by  an  iron  fence,  formerly  stood  the  statue  of 
George  the  Third ;  but  it  was  taken  down  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolutionary  war,  and  the  lead  of 
which  it  was  composed,  was  converted  into  bullets. 

D.  c.  The  Park,  known  in  the  early  times  of  the  city 
as  the  commojis,  is  a  triangular  area,  of  about  ten  and 
three  quarters  acres,  lying  between  Broadway,  Chatham, 
and  Chambers'  streets.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  iron 
railing,  which  cost  $15,653,  and  is  beautifully  laid  out 
with  grass-plats  and  walks.  Ornamented  by  the  City 
Hall,  and  situated  in  a  very  important  part  of  the  city,  it 
forms  a  highly  interesting  public  ground ;  and  though 
much  below  the  centre  of  population,  it  will  long  continue, 
probably,  to  be  the  central  point  of  the  most  important 
public  transactions. 

D.  c.  Hudson  Square,  or  St.  John's  Park,  is  private 
property,  belonging  to  Trinity  Church,  which,  however, 
has  'been  reserved  as  a  permanent  public  square.    It  is 


B  2 


22  TABLE  OF  DISTANCES 

between  Beach,  Laight,  Varick,  and  Hudson  streets,  is 
surrounded  by  an  elegant  iron  fence,  which  cost  $26,000, 
and  is  beautifully  laid  out  in  walks.  It  contains  about 
four  acres  of  ground,  and  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  pub- 
lic places  in  the  city.  St.  John's  church,  which  fronts  on 
this  square,  by  its  fine  proportions  and  its  lofty  spire,  240 
feet  high,  adds  a  grandeur  to  the  beauty  of  this  scenery. 

E.  c.  Washington  Square,  is  one  mile  and  a  half  north 
of  the  City  Hall,  between  Wooster  and  M'Dougal  streets,  j 
It  contains  about  nine  acres  and  three  quarters  of  ground. ; 
About  two  thirds  of  this  area,  until  the  year  1827,  consti-i 
tuted  the  old  Potters'  Field,  and  belonged  to  the  city  ;  the  I 
other  third  was  purchased  at  an  expense  of  about  78,000; 
dollars ;  and  the  whole  was  enclosed  with  a  wooden ! 
fence,  at  an  expense  of  nearly  3,000  dollars.  The  New: 
York  University,  a  beautiful  Gothic  structure,  fronts  on ! 
this  square. 

Other  public  squares  have  been  laid  out,  farther  up  the  I 
city,  which  in  time  will  probably  be  equally  ornamented. 

Table  of  Distances  from  the  Battery \  the  Merchants'  Ex- 
change, and  the  City  Hall,  in  the  City  of  New  York. 


Streets.                     From  the  Battery,  Exchange,  City  Hall. 

miles.  miles.  miles. 

Rector,   \ 

Fulton,                               |  I 

Warren,                              f  \ 

Leonard,  ......  1  I  \ 

Canal,   \\  1  \ 

Spring,   \\  H  * 

Houston,   If  1§  1 

4th  street,   2  If  \\ 

9th  street,   %  2  H 

14th  street,   2k  ^  If 

19th  street,   2f  %  2 

24th  street,   3  22  2* 

29th  street,   3*  3  2* 

34th  street,   3*  3*  2| 

39th  street,   3f  3^  3 

44th  street,   4  3f  3* 

49th  street,   4J  4  3h 

54th  street,   4£  4f  3| 

58th  street,   4!  4h  4 

63d  street,   5  4f  4* 

68th  street,   5£  5  4£ 


PUBLIC  WORKS. 


33 


Streets.  From  the  Battery,   Exchange,   Citj  Hall. 


miles. 

miles. 

73d  street 

5* 

5i 

43 

78th  street 

.    .  5^ 

51 

5* 

83d  street 

6 

bl 

51 

88th  street   .   .  . 

.    .  6£ 

6 

5l 

93d  street 

6h 

fii 
u4 

5f 

97th  street 

61 

6£ 

6* 

102d  street 

7 

61 

107th  street 

.   .  7* 

7 

4 

112th  street 

71 

74. 

1 17th  street 

71 

71 

7* 

121st  street 

8 

71 

7? 

8 

Ih 

.   .  8* 

8i 

71 

.    .  8| 
.    .  9 

81 

8 

8| 

8± 

.    .  9* 

9 

Sh 

.   .  9h 

9J 

8f 

.   .  92 

9* 

9 

PUBLIC  WORKS. 

GAS  WORKS. 

D.  d.  The  New  York  Gas  Light  Company's  works  are 
located  at  the  comer  of  Canal  and  Centre  streets,  and 
Centre  and  Hester  streets.  They  have  laid  iron  pipes  in 
the  principal  streets,  the  aggregate  length  of  which  is  26 
miles. 

E.  b.  The  Manhattan  Gas  Light  Company  have  th*ir 
works  at  the  foot  of  Eighteenth-street,  on  the  North  River; 
and  have  extended  their  pipes  through  much  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  city. 

MANHATTAN  WATER  WORKS. 

D.  d.  The  Manhattan  Company  received  a  perpetual 
charter  in  1790,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  city  w  ith  j 
pure  and  wholesome  water.  Their  capital  is  more  than  | 
two  millions  of  dollars.  Their  charter  gives  them  ihe 
control  over  the  streams  and  springs  on  York  Island,  and  I 
in  the  county  of  Westchester.  The  Manhattan  water  is  | 
chiefly  raised  by  steam  power  from  a  large  well  in  Read- 
street,  whence  it  is  extensively  distributed  in  wooden  and 
iron  pipes.  The  well  was  formerly  denominated  the  tea- ' 
water  pump,  and  was  considered  as  affording  excellent  I 


B  3 


*2i  PLEL1C  WORKS. 

;  water;  but  since  it  has  become  surrounded  by  a  dense! 
population,  it  has  greatly  deteriorated  in  quality,  and  by 
,  no  means  meets  the  increasing  wants  of  the  city. 

j      E.  d.  CITY  RESERVOIR. 

I  In  Thirteenth-street,  near  the  Bowery,  the  city  corpora- 
I  tion  have  caused  an  extensive  reservoir  to  be  constructed, 
j  which  is  supplied  from  a  well  112  feet  deep,  extensively 
!  dug  through  a  solid  rock.    The  water  rises  in  the  well  to 

within  twelve  feet  of  the  surface  :  and  by  a  steam-engine, 
!  it  is  raised  into  a  large  tank,  eighty-three  feet  above  tide- 
I  water,  from  which  it  is  conveyed  by  pipes  through  the 

principal  streets.  This  water  is  designed  to  be  used  in 
|  extinguishing  fires ;  and  from  the  openings  in  the  pipes, 
|  the  water  is  thrown,  by  the  force  of  its  pressure  alone^ 
'  over  the  houses  in  the  lower  parts  of  the  city. 

HARLAEM  RAIL  ROAD. 

The  New  York  and  Harlaem  Rail  Road  Company  was 
!  incorporated  in  1831,  with  a  capital  of  350,000  dollars. 
I  This  road  is  to  extend  from  Prince-street  in  the  Bowery, 
•  seven  and  a  half  miles,  to  Harlaem.  It  is  finished  from 
;  Prince-street,  five  miles,  to  Yorkville.  A  double  track 
|  was  completed  in  November,  1835,  and  cars  run  every  15 
I  minutes,  during  every  day  in  the  week,  at  a  fare  of  twelve 
and  a  half  cents  for  a  passenger. 

SUPPLY  OF  THE  CITY  WITH  WATER  FROM  CROTON  AND  BRONX 
RIVERS. 

This  is  the  most  splendid  and  important  public  work 
;  that  has  yet  been  undertaken  for  the  improvement  of  the 
:  city.  Under  an  act  of  the  legislature,  passed  May,  1834, 
i  a  survey  of  routes,  and  an  estimate  of  the  expense  of 
;  bringing  the  waters  of  these  rivers  into  the  city  of  New 
I  York,  in  a  large  covered  canal,  have  been  made ;  the 
!  subject  has  been  submitted  to  a  ballot  of  the  citizens, 
;  agreeably  to  a  provision  in  the  act,  and  by  a  majority  of 
!  1 1,367,  they  decided  in  favour  of  the  measure  ;  and  prepa- 
|  rations  are  making  for  the  execution  of  this  splendid  pro- 
ject. The  length  of  the  canal  will  be  about  forty-five 
,  miles  ;  and  the  expense,  exclusive  of  the  pipes  in  the  city, 
1  will  be  about  five  millions  of  dollars. 

It  is  estimated  that  these  rivers  may  be  made  to  supply, 
I  daily,  3*2  millions  of  gallons,  while  the  present  demand  of 
I  the  city  is  not  more  than  8  millions  of  gallons. 


STEAMBOAT  LINES.  25  I 


STEAMBOAT  LINES. 

I 

The  first  successful  attempts  at  steamboat  navigation  \ 
were  made  by  Fulton  and  Livingston,  on  the  North 
River,  in  1806.    New  York  has  been  eminently  benefitted  ! 
by  this  improvement,  while  it  has  extended  its  advan- 
tages  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and,  indeed,  of  the  j 
civilized  world. 

Ten  steamboats  continually  ply  between  New  York  1 
and  Albany,  and  eight  more  between  New  York  and  dit- 1 
ferent  places  on  the  North  River.    Numerous  steamboats  j 
connect  New  York  with  places  in  the  vicinity,  in  New  j 
Jersey,  and  on  Long  Island.    Four  boats  form  two  lines 
to  Newport  and  Providence,  R.  I.    Three  boats  form  a 
line  to  Hartford,  Con.;  and  two  to  New  Haven.  Other 
boats  sail  for  Norwich,  Bridgeport,  and  Norwalk,  Con. 
Two  boats  form  a  line  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

COLLEGES,  ACADEMIES,  AND  SCHOOLS. 

D.  c.  Columbia  College,  situated  between  Church  and 
Chapel  streets,  with  Murray-street  in  its  rear,  was  estab- 
lished by  a  royal  charter,  in  1750,  by  the  name  of  King's 
College,  which  name  it  retained  until  1787.  when,  by  an 
act  of  the  legislature,  the  name  was  changed  to  Colum- 
bia College.  By  the  original  charter,  the  President  was 
required  to  belong  to  the  Episcopal  Church ;  but  no 
religious  test  was  required  of  the  professors  or  students. 

The  Faculty  of  Arts  consists  of  a  President,  and  ten 
Professors.  The  number  of  graduates,  from  its  establish- 
ment to  1833,  was  about  1500.  A  college  grammar 
school,  subject  to  the  control  of  the  Trustees,  is  connect- 
ed with  the  institution. 

E.  c.  The  University  of  New  York,  situated  on 
Washington  Square,  was  chartered  in  1831,  and  opened 
for  the  reception  of  students  in  October,  183*2.  The 
Faculty  of  Arts  consists  of  a  Chancellor,  and  twelve  Pro- 
fessors.  It  has  rapidly  risen  to  respectability,  and  pro- 
mises  to  be  an  ornament,  and  an  extensive  benefit  to  the  j 
city. 

F.  b.  The  General  Theological  Seminary  of  the  j 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States,  j 
situated  at  the  corner  of  Nimh  Avenue,  and  Twenty-first- 1 
street,  was  established  in  1819.  It  is  under  the  instruction  j 
of  four  Professors. 


j26  MEDICAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

I  The  Public  School  Society  of  New  York  was  incor- 
Iporaled  in  1805.  It  has  under  its  charge  17  schools,  2  of, 
which  are  for  coloured  youth.  In  addition  to  these  prin- 
cipal schools,  the  society  has  established  34  primary  | 
schools,  8  of  which  are  for  coloured  children.  These 
schools  hare  77  distinct  branches,  53  adult  teachers,  prin- 
cipal or  assistant,  and  (56  paid  monitors,  or  subordinate ' 
teachers.  In  1828,  thirty  thousand  children  had  received 
an  education  in  the  Public  Schools,  not  one  of  wThom  had' 
ever  been  arraigned  for  a  criminal  offence.  These 
schools  are,  at  present,  in  a  highly  prosperous  state,  and 
are  of  immense  advantage  to  the  city.  The  number  of  i 
children  and  youth  in  these  schools,  in  183G,  was  about 
twenty  thousand. 

D.  d.  The  Mechanic's  School  in  Crosby-street,  was, 
founded  in  1820,  and  is  well  supplied  with  male  and  fe-  j 
male  teachers,  and  has  several  hundred  scholars.  It  is  a ! 
prosperous  and  useful  institution. 

There  are  about  30  male  and  20  female  schools,  of  a  j 
high  order,  in  the  city,  and  a  very  large  number,  of  less 
notoriety. 

MEDICAIi  INSTITUTIONS. 

C.  c.  The  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the 

I  City  of  New  York,  in  Barclay-street,  near  Broadway,  I 
I  was  founded  in  the  year  1807.  It  has  seven  Professors, j 
|  who  give  courses  of  lectures,  annually.  This  institution 
j  has  purchased  a  very  commodious  building,  in  a  fine  lo-  j 

cation,  in  Crosby-street,  (formerly  the  female  high  school,)  j 

to  which  they  design  to  remove,  at  the  expiration  of  an  - 

unexpired  lease  on  the  premises. 

There  are  many  other  medical  institutions  in  the  city,; 

of  different  descriptions.    Among  them  are, 

The  New  York  Eye-Infirmary,  founded  in  1820.  It' 

has  four  surgeons  for  the  eye,  and  two  for  the  ear. 

D.  c.  The  New  York  Hospital,  in  Broadway,  between 
Duane  and  Anthony  streets.  Attached  to  this  institution 
are  fourteen  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  The  lAinatic\ 
Asylum,  at  Bloomingdale,  is  connected  with  this  institu-  j 
tion. 

D.  d.  The  New  York  Dispensary,  at  the  corner  of  j 
White  and  Centre  streets,  was  founded  in  1790,  to  furnish  j 
medical  aid  to  the  poor.  It  has  connected  with  it  twenty 
Physicians  and  Assistants. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS.  2t 


LITERARY   AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITU- 
TIONS. 

C.  c.  The  American  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts,  situ- 
ated in  Barclay-street  near  Broadway,  was  founded  in 
1802,  and  incorporated  in  1808.  It  exhibits  annually,  in 
May,  a  line  collection  of  paintings,  sculpture,  &c.  A  part 
of  these  were  received  as  a  present  from  Napoleon,  while 
first  Consul  of  France. 

C.  d.  The  National  Academy  of  Design  in  Clinton 
Hall,  was  founded  in  1826.  It  has  nine  Professors,  and 
courses  of  lectures  on  painting,  sculpture,  &c.  It  has  an 
annual  public  exhibition,  in  the  month  of  May,  of  the 
productions  of  living  artists  only. 

The  New  York  Historical  Society  in  Chambers-street, 
corner  of  Broadway,  was  established  in  1809.  It  has  a 
library  of  10,000  volumes,  and  a  valuable  collection  of 
coins  and  medals.  It  has  published  three  volumes  of 
Historical  Collections. 

The  New  York  Society  Library,  No.  33  Nassau-street, 
was  established  in  1754.  It  has  20,000  volumes,  and  is 
open  daily,  except  Sundays  and  holydays. 

The  New  York  Athenteum,  corner  of  Broadway  and 
Chambers-street,  was  established  in  1824.  It  has  a  libra- 
ry of  1600  volumes,  together  with  a  large  collection  of 
American  and  foreign  periodicals  and  news-papers. 

The  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  at  the  corner  of 
Centre  and  Whiifi  streets,  was  established  in  1818.  It  has 
a  valuable  library,  and  a  museum  of  natural  history. 

The  New  York  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society, 
is  a  highly  respectable  institution,  founded  in  1814 ;  and 
it  embraces  among  its  members,  many  eminently  scientific 
men.  At  the  monthly  meetings  of  the  society,  scientific 
and  literary  communications  are  read,  and  referred  to  the 
consideration  of  the  counsellors  ;  and  those  which  are 
thought  deserving  publication,  are  given  to  the  public  in 
the  society's  transactions. 

C.  c.  Clinton  Hall  Association  was  established  in 
1830,  for  the  promotion  of  Literature,  Science,  and  the 
Arts. 

The  Mercantile  Library  Association,  in  Clinton  Hall, 
was  instituted  in  1821.  Its  object  is  the  moral  and  intel- 
lectual improvement,  especially  of  merchants'  clerks.  It 
has  a  library  of  about  ten  thousand  volumes ;  a  reading-  j 


28  RELIGIOUS  AND  BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTIONS. 

room  which  is  daily  open ;  and  an  annual  course  of  lec- 
tures, during  the  winter  season. 

The  Apprentices'  Library  of  the  General  Society  of 
Mechanics  and  Trade,  men,  in  Crosby-street,  was  estab- 
lished in  1820.  It  has  a  library  of  about  thirteen  thousand 
volumes,  and  commodious  reading-rooms. 

The  New  York  Law  Institute  in  the  City  Hall,  was 
established  in  1830.  It  has  an  appropriate  library  of  be- 
tween two  and  three  thousand  volumes. 

The  Mechanic's  Institute  was  incorporated  in  1833. 
Office  in  the  basement  of  the  City  Hall.  This  institute 
has  a  respectable  library  and  philosophical  apparatus,  and 
supports,  annually,  a  course  of  scientific  lectures.  It  also 
holds  an  annual  fair. 

RELIGIOUS,   MORAL,   AND  BENEVOLENT 
INSTITUTIONS. 

The  American  Bible  Society,  No.  115  Nassau-street, 
was  instituted  in  1816.  It  has  about  one  thousand  auxili- 
aries. In  18  years,  it  issued  more  than  one  million  and 
a  half  of  copies  of  the  Bible  and  Testament. 

The  American  Tract  Society,  at  the  corner  of  Nassau 
and  Spruce  streets,  was  instituted  in  1825.  Its  tracts,  and 
other  publications,  amount  to  between  30  and  40  millions. 

The  American  Home  Missionary  Society,  at  No.  150 
Nassau-street,  was  instituted  in  1826.  During  the  seventh 
year  of  its  operations,  it  sustained  606  missionaries,  la- 
bouring in  about  900  congregations,  or  missionary  dis- 
tricts, in  23  states. 

The  American  Sunday  School  Unton,  New  York 
Branch.  The  parent  institution,  in  Philadelphia,  was 
instituted  in  1827.  The  branch  depository  is  at  205 
Broadway.  In  addition  to  the  publication  of  books,  it 
issues  weekly  "  The  Sunday  School  Journal." 

The  New  York  Sunday  School  Union,  was  instituted 
in  1816.  Nearly  twelve  thousand  children  are  connected 
with  its  schools,  which  have  libraries,  containing  more 
than  fifteen  thousand  volumes. 

The  American  Seamen's  Friend  Society,  82  Nassau- 
street,  was  instituted  in  1826.    It  publishes  the  "  Sailors'  j 
Magazine,"  in  addition  to  its  numerous  other  exertions  for  | 
the  benefit  of  seamen. 

Besides  the  foregoing,  each  religious  denomination  has  i 
numerous  religious  societies  for  promoting  the  cause  | 


LIST  OF  CHURCHES. 


29 


within  their  respective  limits.  Those  of  the  Episcopalians 
are  particularly  noticeable. 

The  New  York  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb  was  instituted  in  1817,  and  is  located  on 
50th  street,  between  4th  and  5th  Avenues,  near  the  Harlaem 
Rail -road.    It  has  between  one  and  two  hundred  pupils. 

The  American  Institute  of  the  City  of  New  York 
was  established  in  1829,  for  the  promotion  of  Domestic 
Industry,  and  the  advancement  of  the  Arts.  It  holds  a 
splendid  annual  fair. 

LIST  OF  CHURCHES. 

The  first  place  of  worship  in  the  city  was  built  by  the  Dutch, 
in  the  fort,  near  the  Bowling-green.  This  ancient  chapel  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  in  1741. 

Dutch  Reformed. 

C.d.  First,  or  South  Dutch  Church,  Exchange-place,  near 

Broad,  founded,  1693. 
C.c.  Middle  Dutch  Church,  Liberty,cor.  Nassau,  founded,  1729. 

C.  d.  North  Dutch  Church,  William,  cor.  Fulton,  founded,  1769. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 

D.  c.  Northwest  Church,  Franklin,  near  Church. 
D.d.  Northeast  Church,  Market,  cor.  Henry. 

D.  c.  Church,Broome,  cor.  Green. 

E.  c.  Church,  Green,  cor.  Houston. 
E.c.  Church,  Bleecker,  cor.  Amos. 
E.d.  Church,  Ninth,  near  Broadway. 
K.d.  Church,  Harlaem. 

E.d.  Mission  Church,  Houston,  cor.  Forsyth. 
E.e.  Young  Men's  Mission  Church,  Third,  near  East  River, 
j  H.b.  Church,  Harsenville. 

E.d.  Church,  cor.  Fourth  and  Lafayette. 

D.c.  Free  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  King,  near  McDougal. 
D.d.        German,  21  Forsyth. 

Episcopalian. 

C.  c.  Trinity  Church,  Broadway,  opposite  Wall,  founded,  1696. 

D.  c.  French  Prot.  Epis.  du  St.  Esprit,  (Pine,)  now  Franklin, 

cor.  Church,  founded,  1704. 
C.d.  St.  George's  Church,  Beekman,  cor.  Cliff,  founded,  1752. 

C.  c.  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Broadway,  cor.Vesey,  founded,  1765. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 

D.  c.  St.  John's  Chapel,  Varick,  opposite  St.  John's  Park. 
D.c.  Christ  Church,  81  Anthony. 

C.  c.  Grace  Church,  Broadway,  cor.  Rector. 

1  E.d.  St  Mark's  Church,  Stuyvesant,  cor.  Second  Avenue. 

D.  d.  Zion  Church,  Mott,  cor.  Cross. 


30  LIST  OF  CHURCHES. 

D.  d.  St.  Stephen's,  Chiystie,  cor.  Broome. 

E.  c.  St.  Thomas'  Church,  Broadway,  cor.  Houston. 
E.c.  St.  Luke's  Church,  Hudson,  opposite  Grove. 
D.d.  Church  of  the  Ascension,  Canal,  near  Broadway. 

D.  e.  All  Saints'  Church,  Henry,  cor.  Scammel. 

E.  c.  St.  Clement's  Church,  Amity,  near  McDougal, 

C.  d.  Mission  Church  of  the  Holy  Evangelists,  Vandewater, 

near  Frankfort. 

E.  d.  Mission  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Stanton,  near  Norfolk. 

F.  c.  St.  Peter's  Church,  Twentieth,  near  Ninth  Avenue. 

D.  d.  St.  Philip's  Church,  (coloured,)  33  Centre. 
J.b.  St.  Michael's  Church,  Bloomingdale. 
H.d.  St.  James'  Church,  Hamilton  Square. 
K.b.  St.  Mary's  Church,  Manhattanville. 
N.h.  St.  Ann's  Church,  Fort  Washington. 

j  K.d.  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Harlaem. 

I  E.e.  Church  of  the  Nativity,  Avenue  D.  near  Dry  Dock. 

E.  d.  St.  Bartholomew's,  La  Fayette-place. 

F.  d.  Calvary  Church,  Third  Avenue. 

Presbyterian. 

C.c.  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Wall,  near  Broadway,  found- 
ed, 1719. 

C.  d.  Brick  Presbyterian  Church,  Beekman,  near  Park,  found- 

ed, 1767. 

D.  d.  Rutger's  Street  Church,  Rutger's,  cor.  Henry,  founded, 

1797. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 
D.c.  Cedar  Street  (now  Duane  Street)  Church,  Duane,  cor. 

Church. 

D.c.  Canal  Street  Church,  Canal,  cor.  Green. 

D.  c.  Laight  Street  Church,  Laight,  cor.  Varick. 
I  D.d.  Seventh  Church,  Broome,  cor.  Ridge. 

E.  c.  Eighth  Church,  Christopher,  near  Bleecker. 
D.d.  Allen  Street  Church,  Allen,  near  Grand. 
D.d.  Central  Pres.  Church,  Broome,  near  Elm. 

D.  c.  Spring  Street  Church,  Spring,  near  Varick. 

E.  d.  Bleecker  Street  Church,  Bleecker,  near  Broadway. 
D.d.  Bowery  Church.  66  Bowery. 

D.c.  Union  Church,  Broadway  Hall. 

C.  c.  First  Free  Pres.  Church,  Dey,  cor.  Washington. 

D.  d.  Second  Free  Pres.  Church,  Chatham  Street  Chapel,  84 

Chatham  Street. 

E.  c.  Third  Free  P^es.  Church,  Thompson,  cor.  Houston. 

D.  d.  Fourth  Free  Pres.  Church,  Madison,  cor.  Catherine. 

E.  c.  Fifth  Free  Pres.  Church,  (Village  Church,)  Jane,  near 

Eighth  Avenue. 

D.  c.  Murray  Street  Church,  45  Murray. 

E.  d.  Second  Avenue  Church,  Second  Avenue,  near  Third. 
1  E.c.  West  Church,  Carmine,  near  Varick. 

C.d.  Coloured  Pres.  Church,  Frankfort,  cor.  William. 


LIST  OF  CHURCHES.  31 


D.  d.  Erainard  Church,  cor.  Essex  and  Stanton. 

E.  e.  Church,  near  Dry  Dock. 

E.c.  Mercer  Street  Church,  Mercer,  near  Waverley-place. 
K.d.  Church,  Third  Avenue,  North  of  121st  Street. 

D.d.  Welsh  Pres.  Church,  359  Broome  Street. 

D.d,  Sixth  Free  Church,  (Congregational,)  Broadway  Taber-  \ 
nacle,  340  Broadway. 
Seventh  Free  Church,  (Congregational,)  Thalian  Hall, 
452  Grand  Street. 

Scotch  Presbyterian. 

C.  c.  Associate  Church,  Cedar,  near  Broadway,  founded,  1758. 

D.  d.      do.         do.       550  Pearl  Street,  founded,  1797. 
D.d.  Reformed,  (Chambers  Street,)  removed  to  Prince,  cor. 

Orange,  founded,  1797. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 
D.c.  Associate  Pres.  Church,  Grand,  cor.  Mercer. 

D.  c.      do.  do.  Prince,  cor.  Thompson. 

E.  c.  Reformed  do.  Waverley-place,  near  Christopher. 
D.c.  Associate  Reformed  do.  Franklin,  near  Chapel. 

Baptist. 

C.  d.  First  Baptist,  33  Gold,  founded,  1760. 

D.  d.  Oliver  Street  Church,  6  Oliver,  founded,  1795. 

D.d.  Bethel  Church,  Military  Hall  Bowery,  founded,  1796. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 
D.c.  Beriah  Church,  McDougal,  opposite  Vandam. 
D.d.  Mulberrv  Street  Church,  Mulbe  rry,  near  Chatham. 
D.c.  Abyssinian  Church,  (coloured,)  44  Anthony. 

C.  d.  South  Church,  84  Nassau. 

D.  d.  Union  Church,  Stanton,  cor.  Chrystie. 

E.  c.  North  Church,  Bedford,  cor.  Christopher. 

D.  d.  East  Church,  Grand,  near  Pitt. 

E.  d.  Ebenezer  Church,  Houston,  cor.  Suffolk. 
E.c.  Amity  Street  Church,  Amity,  near  Green. 
D.e.  Broome  Street  Church.  Broome,  cor.  Cannon. 

D.d.  Central  Baptist  Church,  Female  Institute,  Crosby,  near 
Spring. 

D.  c.  Welsh  Bartist  Church,  cor.  King  and  Hudson. 

E.  c.  Sixteenth  Baptist  Church,  Eighteenth  Street,  near  Ninth 

Avenue. 

D.c.  Zion  Baptist  Church,  (Coloured,)  Duane. 

West  Baptist  Church,  Masonic  Hall. 
D.d.  Emmaus  Baptist  Church,  Henry,  cor.  Oliver. 
D.c.  General  Baptist  Church,  Laurens. 

Particular  Baptist  Church,  Chrystie,  near  Walker. 

Methodist  Episcopal. 

C.d.  First  Methodist,  (the  first  in  America,)  32  John,  found- 
ed, 1768. 


3)4  LIST  OF  CHURCHES. 

D.d.  Second  Methodist  Church,  8  Forsyth,  founded,  1789. 
D.c.  Third        do.  do.    180  Duane,     do.  1797. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 
D.d.  Fourth  Methodist  Church,  130  Allen. 

D.  d.  Fifth         do.  do.    Willet,  near  Broome. 

E.  c.  Sixth         do.  do.    Bedford,  cor.  Morton. 
E.d.  Seventh     do.  do.     Seventh,  near  Third  Av. 
E.e.  Eighth       do.          do.    Second  St.  near  Avenue  D. 

D.  c.  Ninth         do.  do.    61  Greene. 

E.  c.  Tenth  do.  do.  Twentieth,  near  Eighth  Av. 
D.c.  Eleventh,  First  Wesleyan  Chapel,  Vestry,  N..  of  Hudson. 
K.d.  Twelfth  Methodist  Church,  125th  St.,  west  of  Third  Av. 

F.  d.  Thirteenth,  Second  Wesleyan  Chapel,  Mulberry,  near 

Bleecker. 

G.  c.  Fourteenth  Methodist  Church,  41st  St.,  near  Eighth  Av. 
F.d.  Fifteenth         do  do.     2Sth  St.  near  Third  Av. 

Independent  Metliodists. 

Independent  Methodist  Church,  56  Chrystie. 
D.d.  Protestant  Church,  61  Attorney. 
D.c.         do.         do      Sullivan,  near  Spring. 
D.d.  Primitive  Church,  43  Elizabeth. 

D.  c.      do.         do.    Dominick,  near  Varick. 

E.  d.       do.         do.     Pitt,  cor.  Houston. 
D.d.  Asbury  Church,  (Coloured,)  55  Elizabeth. 
D.c.  Zion  Church,  (Coloured,)  156  Church. 

Ijiitheran. 

i  D.d.  St.  James'  Church,  Orange  Street. 
D.d.  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Walker,  near  Broadway. 

Moravian. 

C.  d.  United  Brethren,  104  Fulton,  founded,  1751. 

Friends. 

Friend's  Meeting  House,  Liberty  St.  (removed  and  ex- 
tinct,) founded,  1704. 

Friend's  Meeting  House, Pearl  St. (removed  and  extinct,) 
founded,  1775. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 

D.  d.  Meeting  House,  (Orthodox  Friends,)  38  Henry. 

D.d.      do       do     (Hicksite  Friends,)  Rose,  near  Pearl. 

D.  d.      do       do         do         do      Hester,  cor.Elizabeth. 

E.  c.       do       do        do        do  Downing,  near  Bleecker. 

Roman  Catholic. 

C.  c.  St.  Peter's  Church,  Barclay,  cor.  Church,  founded,  1786. 

{Founded  since  1800.) 

D.  d.  Christ  Church,  James,  cor.  Madison. 


LIST  OF  CHURCHES.  33 

E.d.  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  Mott,  cor.  Prince. 

D.  d.  St.  Mary's  Church.  Grand,  cor.  Ridge. 

E.  c.  St.  Joseph's  Church,  Sixth  Avenue. 

E.d.  German  Chapel,  Second  St.  near  Avenue  A. 
D.c.  Transfiguration,  Chambers  Street. 

Universalists. 

D.d.  Society  of  United  Friends,  Duane,  cor.  City  Hall  Place. 

D.  d.  Second  Society  of  Universalists,  Orchard,  near  Broome. 

E.  c.  Third      do  do         Bleecker,  cor.  Downing. 

Unitarian. 

D.c.  First  Unitarian  Church,  109  Chambers. 
D.c.  Second  do        do      Mercer,  cor.  Prince. 

Independent,  or  Congregationalist. 

D.c.  Providence  Chapel,  46  Thompson. 
D.d.  Independent  Welsh,  137  Mulberry. 

•Jews. 

D.d.  Jews'  Synagogue,  (Mill  Street,)  now  15  Crosby,  found- 
ed, 1730. 

(Founded  since  1800.) 
D.d.  Synagogue  of  German  Jews,  Elm,  near  Canal. 
D.d.  Synagogue,  Grand,  near  Bowery. 

Miscellaneous. 
D.d.  Mariners'  Church,  Rosevelt  Street. 
D.d.  New  Jerusalem  Church,  406  Pearl. 
Christian  Church,  Broome  Street. 

Total  Number  of  Churches  in  the  City. 

Denominations.  Founded  before       Founded  since  Total. 

1800.  1600. 

Presbyterian,  •  3  25  28 

Congregationalist,  0   1   I 

Scotch  Presbyterian,  3   4   7 

Dutch  Reformed,  3  13  16 

Episcopalians,  4  23  27 

Baptists,   3  18  21 

Methodist,   3  20  23 

Roman  Catholics,   6   7 

Friends,  2  extinct          4   6 

Lutheran,  ^0  2   2 

Universalists,   0   3   3 

Unitarians,   •  0   2   2 

Independent  Congregationalist,  2   2 

Jews,  •  1   2   3  I 

Moravians,   1   0   1 1 

Miscellaneous,  0   3   3  ! 

Total  founded  before  1800, 24 ;  since  1800, 12?.       Total  152 


C  1 


34  BANKS — INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


BANKS. 


Bank  of  America, 
Bank  of  New  York, 
Butchers'  &  Drovers'  B. 
Chemical  Bank, 

Commercial  Bank, 

City  Bank, 

Delaware  and  Hudson  ) 

Canal  Co.,  5 
Fulton  Bank, 
Greenwich  Bank, 
Leather    Manufactur- ) 

ers'  Bank,  S 
Lafayette  Bank, 
Manhattan  Company, 
Mechanics'  Bank, 
Mechanics'  &  Traders'  ) 

Bank,  3 
Merchants'  Bank, 
Merchants'  Exchange  B 
National  Bank, 
N.  Y.  Dry  Dock  Co., 
North  River  Bank, 
Phoenix  Bank, 
Seventh  Ward  Bank, 
Tradesmen's  Bank, 
Union  Bank, 
N.  Y.  Bank  for  Savings, 
Seamen's    Bank  for? 

Savings,  S 
Greenwich  Savings  B. 


"Where  located. 
30  Wall, 
32  Wall, 
128  Bowery, 
216  Broadway, 
Chatham  cr.  Cham- 
bers, 
38  Wall, 

28  Wall, 

Fulton  cr.  Pearl, 
394  Hudson, 

45  William, 

425  Broadway, 

23  Wall, 

16  Wall, 

370  Grand, 
25  Wall,. 

Greenwich  cr.  Dey, 
19  Wall, 
14  Wall,, 

Greenwich  cr.  Dey, 

24  Wall, 

53  East  Broadway, 
177  Chatham, 

17  Wall, 

43  Chambers, 

49  Wall, 
10  Carmine, 


Chartered. 
1812, 
1791, 
1830, 
1824, 


1834, 
1812, 

1825, 

1824, 
1830, 

1832, 

1834, 
1799, 
1810, 

1830, 

1805, 
1829, 
1829, 
1825, 
1821, 
1812, 
1333, 
1823, 
1811, 
1819, 

1829, 

1833, 


Capital. 
2,000,000 
1,000,000 
300.000 
500,000 


720,000 

500,000 

600,000 
200,000 

600,000 

2,050,000 
2,000,000 

200,000 

1,490,000 
750,000 
750,000 
420,000 
500,000 
500,000 
500,000 
400,000 

1,000,000 


Several  of  the  above  banks  have  been  rechartered  at  a 
later  date. 


INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

The  number  of  Fire  Insurance  Companies  in  New 
York,  in  December,  1835,  was  twenty-six,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  about  nine  millions  of  dollars.  Ten  of 
these  companies  became  insolvent  by  losses  in  the  great 
fire  of  December  16th,  1835. 

There  are,  also,  in  the  City  of  New  York,  twelve  Ma- 
rine Insurance  Companies,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
nearly  four  millions  and  a  half  of  dollars. 


PERIODICALS — WARDS.  35 


PERIODICALS. 

There  are  published  in  New  York  13  large,  and  4  small 
:  daily  papers,  9  semi-weekly,  about  35  weekly  papers,  and 
20  monthly  periodicals. 

WARDS. 

The  city  is  divided  into  Sixteen  Wards,  each  of  which 
'elects  an  Alderman,  an  Assistant  Alderman,  two  Assess- 
ors, one  Collector,  and  two  Constables. 

The  First  Ward  extends  from  Liberty-street,  and 
jthe  east  end  of  Maiden-lane,  south,  to  the  extremity  of 
!  the  island,  including  Governor's,  Bedlow's,  and  Ellis's 
j  islands. 

The  Second  Ward  extends  from  Liberty-street,  and  the 
i  east  end  of  Maiden-lane,  northeast  to  Spruce  and  Ferry 
i  streets,  and  Peck-slip,  bounded  on  the  northwest  by 
Broadway  and  Park-row,  and  on  the  southeast  by  the 
:  East  River. 

The  Third  Ward  extends  from  Liberty-street,  north, 
!  to  Reade-street,  bounded  on  the  east  by  Broadway,  and 
j  west  by  the  North  River. 

The  Fourth  Ward  extends  from  Spruce  and  Ferry 
j  streets,  and  Peck-slip,  east,  to  Catharine-street,  bounded 
j  on  the  north  by  Chatham-street,  and  on  the  south  by  the 
'  East  River. 

The  Fifth  Ward  extends  from  Reade-street,  north,  to 
:  Canal-street,  bounded  on  the  east  by  Broadway,  and  on 
|  the  west  by  the  North  River. 

The  Sixth  Ward  extends  from  the  junction  of  Broad- 
jway  and  Park-row,  north,  to  Canal  and  Walker  streets, 
bounded  on  the  west  by  Broadway,  and  on  the  southeast 
i  by  Chatham-street  and  the  Bowery. 

The  Seventh  Ward  extends  from  Catharine-street, 
!  east,  to  Corlear's  Hook,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Division 
|  and  Grand-streets,  and  south  by  the  East  River. 

The  Eighth  Ward  extends  from  Canal-street,  north,  to 
:  Hammersley  and  Houston  streets,  bounded  on  the  east  by 
Broadway,  and  on  the  west  by  the  North  River. 

The  Ninth  Ward  extends  from  Hammersley-street, 
|  north,  to  Fourteenth-street,  bounded  on  the  east  by  the 
i  Sixth  Avenue  and  Hancock-street,  and  west  by  the  North 
|  River.  


36  WARDS — LIST  OF  STREETS. 

The  Tenth  Ward  extends  from  Division-street,  north, 
to  Rivington-street,  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Bowery, 
and  east  by  Norfolk-street. 

The  Eleventh  Ward  extends  from  Rivington-street, 
north,  to  Fourteenth-street,  bounded  on  the  west  by  the 
Bowery,  and  on  the  east  by  the  East  River. 

The  Twelfth  Ward  extends  from  Fortieth-street, 
north,  to  Harlaem  River,  and  Spuyten  Duyvel's  Creek, 
which  separates  New  York  Island  from  Westchester 
county,  and  includes  Blackwell's,  Great  Barn,  Randall's, 
and  Sunken-meadow  islands,  in  the  East  River. 

The  Thirteenth  Ward  extends  from  Division  and 
Grand  streets,  north,  to  Rivington-street,  bounded  on  the 
west  by  Norfolk-street,  and  east  by  the  East  River. 

The  Fourteenth  W^rd  extends  from  Canal  and 
Walker  streets,  north,  to  Houston-street,  bounded  on  the 
west  by  Broadway,  and  on  the  east  by  the  Bowery. 

The  Fifteenth  Ward  extends  from  Houston-street, 
north,  to  Fourteenth-street,  bounded  on  the  west  by  the 
Sixth  Avenue  and  Hancock-street,  and  east  by  the 
Bowery. 

The  Sixteenth  Ward  extends  from  Fourteenth-street 
on  the  south,  to  Fortieth-street  on  the  north ;  and  from 
the  Hudson  on  the  west,  io  the  East  River  on  the  east. 


STREETS. 


Names. 

Where  they  commence. 

Whole  No. 
Direction.    of  the  st. 

Albany, 

122  Greenwich, 

West, 

24 

Albany  Basin, 

Between  Albany  &  Cedar, 

Albion  Place, 

Between  Bowery  &  2d  Av. 

Allen, 

124  Division, 

North, 

195 

Amity, 

681  Broadway, 

West, 

144 

Amos, 

10  Sixth  Avenue, 

West, 

170 

Ann, 

222  Broadway, 

East, 

73 

Anthony, 

62  Hudson, 

East, 

167 

Art, 

759  Broadway, 

East, 

20 

Attorney, 

262  Division, 

North, 

135 

Avenue  First, 

291  Houston, 

North. 

Avenue  Second, 

335  Houston, 

North. 

Avenue  Third, 

413  Bowery, 

North. 

LIST  OF  STREETS. 

37  j 

Names. 

Where  they  commence. 

r.-   „t-  Whole  No. 

Avenue  Fourth) 

1  Union-place, 

North. 

Avenue  Fifth, 

86  Waverley-place, 

North. 

Avenue  Sixth, 

1  Carmine, 

North. 

Avenue  Seventh, 

120  Greenwich-lane, 

North. 

Avenue  Eighth, 

590  Hudson, 

North. 

Avenue  Ninth, 

860  Greenwich, 

North. 

Avenue  Tenth, 

1  Thirteenth, 

North. 

Avenue  A., 

150  Houston, 

North. 

Avenue  B., 

180  Houston, 

North. 

Avenue  C, 

141  Houston, 

North. 

Avenue  D., 

290  Second, 

North. 

Bank, 

100  Greenwich-Ian^ 

West, 

160 

Barclay, 

229  Broadway, 

West, 

110 

Barrow, 

184  Me.Dougal, 

West. 

205 

Batavia, 

74  Rosevelt, 

East, 

26 

Battery-place, 

2  Whitehall, 

West, 

20 

Bayard, 

78  Division, 

West, 

108 

Beach, 

166  Chapel, 

West. 

75 

Beaver, 

10  Broadway, 

East, 

62 

Bedford, 

16  Hanimerslcy, 

North, 

126 

Beekman, 

27  Park-row, 

S.  East, 

140 

Benson, 

109  Leonard, 

North, 

20 

Bethune, 

782  Greenwich, 

West, 

40 

Birmingham, 

68  Henry, 

South, 

20 

Bleecker, 

320  Bowery, 

West  <fc  N., 

410 

Bond, 

328  Broadway, 

East, 

40 

Bowery, 

1  Doyer, 

North, 

462 

Bridge, 

16  State, 

East, 

37 

Broad, 

10  Wall, 

South, 

157 

Broadway, 

12  Battery-place, 

North, 

769 

Broome, 

20  Tompkins, 

West, 

591 

Burling- slip, 

249  Pearl, 

South, 

41 

Burton, 

244  Bleecker, 

West, 

31 

Canal, 

100  Centre, 

West, 

270 

Canon, 

490  Grand, 

North, 

134 

Carlisle, 

114  Greenwich, 

West, 

12 

Carmine, 

1  Sixth  Avenue, 

West, 

87 

Caroline, 

213  Duane, 

North, 

14 

Carrpll-plaee, 

Laurens  to  Thompson, 

West, 

16 

Catharine, 

1  Division, 

South, 

107 

4 


C  2 


[38 

LIST  OF  STREETS. 

1  .  

|  Names. 

Where  they  commence. 

n,w,™  Whole  No- 
Direction,  ofthest. 

Catharine-lane, 

347  Broadway, 

East, 

10 

Catharine-slip, 

121  Cherry, 

South, 

27 

Cedar, 

87  Pearl, 

Woof 

w  est, 

Centre, 

542  Pearl, 

Knrth 

m  orcn, 

169 

Chambers, 

62  Chatham, 

200 

Chapel, 

63  Murray, 

i>  onn. 

Charles, 

40  Greenwich-lane, 

West, 

171 

Charlton, 

31  McDougal, 

West, 

140 

Chatham, 

1  Frankfort, 

East, 

210 

Chatham- square, 

Junction  Chatham  <k  Bowery. 

Cherry, 

1  Dover, 

East, 

486 

Chestnut, 

8  Oak, 

North, 

27 

Christopher, 

90  Sixth  Avenue, 

w  est, 

17H  i 
1/U 

Chrystie, 

56  Division, 

North, 

ZOO  | 

Church, 

188  Fulton, 

.COO 

City  Hall-place, 

12  Tryon-row, 

North 

57 

Clarke, 

179  Broome, 

North, 

32 

Clarkson, 

227  Varick, 

West, 

70 

Cliff, 

95  John, 

N  Fact 

106  i 

Clinton, 

192  Houston, 

South 

230 

Coenties'-slip, 

74  Pearl, 

OO 

College-place, 

59  Barclay, 

North, 

10 

Collister, 

53  Beach, 

North, 

An 

Columbia, 

474  Grand, 

North 

l<ic 

Commerce, 

272  Bleecker, 

West, 

35 

Corkers, 

547  Grand, 

South, 

39 

Cornelia, 

41  Sixth  Avenue, 

West, 

42 

Cortlandt, 

173  Broadway, 

West, 

82 

Cortlandt-alley, 

58  Franklin, 

North 

fin 

Crosby, 

30  Howard, 

North, 

160 

Cross, 

Pearl, 

65 

Cuyler's  alley, 

53  Water, 

South, 

20 

Delancy, 

183  Bowery, 

East, 

340 

Depeyster, 

101  Water, 

South, 

38 

Desbrosses, 

169  Hudson, 

West, 

40 

Dey, 

193  Broadway, 

West, 

88 

Division, 

1  Catharine, 

East, 

299  : 

Dominick, 

21  Clark, 

West, 

61  1 

342  Pearl, 

South, 

32 

Downing, 

217  Bleecker, 

West, 

66 

LIST  OF  STREETS. 

39 

Names. 

\Vhere  they  commence* 

n.    t.    Whole  No. 
Direction.    ofthe  8t. 

Doyer, 

1  Bowery, 

North, 

18 

Duane, 

34  Rose, 

West, 

217 

\  Dutch, 

35  John, 

North, 

21  j 

j  East  Broadway, 

1  Oliver, 

East 

320 

;  Eden's-alley, 

38  Gold, 

East, 

10 

Eldridge, 

106  Division, 

200, 

Eighteenth, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  River. 

Eighth, 

Avenue  Sixth, 

East. 

Elizabeth, 

GO  Bayard, 

North, 

280 ' 

El  in, 

14  Reade, 

North, 

213 

Eleventli, 

Greenwich  lane, 

East. 

Essex, 

186  Division, 

North, 

183 

Exchange, 

12  Hanover, 

West, 

80 

Factory, 

7  Waverley-place, 

North, 

75  i 

i  Ferry, 

86  Gold, 

S.  East, 

53 

Fifteenth, 

Hudson  River, 

East. 

Fifth, 

Third  Avenue, 

East. 

j  First, 

305  Bowery, 

East, 

136 

•  Fletcher, 

212  Pearl, 

South, 

41 

!  Forsyth, 

84  Division, 

North, 

220 

Fourth, 

Thirteenth, 

East, 

680 

Fourteenth, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

i 

Frankfort, 

1  Chatham, 

East, 

90 

Franklin-square, 

6  Cherry, 

North, 

6 

Franklin, 

68  Orange, 

West, 

218 

Front, 

51  Whitehall, 

East, 

450 

Fulton, 

94  South, 

West, 

264 

Gay, 

16  Waverley-place, 

North, 

12 

Goerck, 

526  Grand, 

North, 

145 

Gold, 

89  Maiden-lane, 

N.  East, 

102 

Governeur, 

299  Division, 

South, 

80 

Governeur-lane, 

97  Water, 

South, 

20 

Grand, 

80  Varick, 

East, 

556 

Great  Jones, 

690  Broadway, 

East, 

56 

Great  Kiln  Road, 

50  Thirteenth, 

West, 

100 

Green-lane, 

59  Liberty, 

North, 

15 

Greene, 

75  Canal, 

North, 

150 

Greenwich, 

16  Battery-place, 

North, 

860 

Greenwich-lane. 

96  Sixth  Avenue, 

North, 

2S0 

Grove, 

350  Hudson, 

East, 

33 

C  3 


40 

LIST  OF  STREETS. 

Names. 

Where  they  commence. 

_.    t.  Whole 
Direction.     ^  ^ 

No- 
e  st- 

Hague, 

369  Pearl, 

North, 

13 

j  Hall, 

Sixth, 

North 

|  Hammersley, 

188  Houston, 

West, 

140 

1  Hamilton, 

89  Catharine, 

East, 

50 

j  Haimnond, 

80  Greenwich-lane, 

West, 

164 

i  Hancock, 

559  Houston, 

North, 

20 

,  Hanover, 

121  Pearl, 

North, 

16 

!  Harrison, 

69  Hudson, 

West, 

55 

Henry, 

16  Oliver, 

East, 

303 

Hester, 

159  Clinton, 

West, 

219 

Hoboken, 

475  Washington, 

West, 

20 

Horatio, 

2G0  Greenwich-lane, 

West, 

100 

Houston, 

90  Man  gin, 

West, 

559 

Howard, 

117  Centre, 

West, 

53 

Hubert, 

123  Hudson, 

West, 

50 

Hudson, 

140  Chambers, 

North, 

590 

Irving-place, 

350  Fourteenth, 

North. 

Jacob, 

23  Ferry, 

East, 

25 

James, 

169  Chatham, 

South, 

99 

James-slip, 

80  Cherry, 

South, 

25 

Jane, 

200  Greenwich-lane, 

West, 

120 

Jay, 

53  Hudson, 

West, 

45 

Jefferson, 

219  Division, 

South, 

110 

Jersey, 

129  Crosby, 

East, 

17 

John, 

190  Broadway, 

East, 

104 

Jones, 

157  Fourth, 

West, 

47 

Jones'-lane, 

103  Front, 

South, 

10 

King, 

57  McDougal, 

West, 

150 

La  Fayette-place, 

20  Great  Jones, 

North, 

60 

Laight, 

125  Canal, 

West, 

90 

Laurens, 

114  Canal, 

North, 

128 

Leonard, 

82  Hudson, 

East, 

162 

Le  Roy, 

325  Hudson, 

West, 

39 

Le  Roy-place, 

Mercer  to  Greene, 

West, 

14 

Lewis, 

580  Grand, 

North, 

171 

Liberty, 

73  Maiden-lane, 

West, 

149 

Lispenard, 

113  Chapel, 

East, 

67 

Little  Water, 

61  Cross, 

North, 

20 

Ludlow, 

170  TV-tri  cir\n 
X/U  U 1  VlfiiUlJ, 

North 

189 

Lumber, 

98  Liberty, 

South, 

60 

LIST  OF  STREETS. 

41 

Names. 

Where  they  commence, 

t.     Whole  No. 
Direction.  0fthest. 

McDougal, 

196  Spring, 

North, 

224 

Madison, 

426  Pearl, 

East, 

370 

Maiden-lane, 

17'2  Broadway, 

S.  East, 

169 

Mangin, 

549  Grand, 

North, 

70 

Man  hat  t  an  j 

308  Second, 

North, 

13 

Market, 

85  Division, 

South, 

100 

74  Broad, 

West, 

30 

80  Monroe 

South, 

20 

Merc  er 

58  Canal, 

North, 

255  j 

Merchants, 

10  William, 

East, 

31 

Mill, 

85  Broad, 

East, 

38 

Minetta, 

207  Bleecker, 

East, 

40 

Monroe, 

75  Catharine, 

East, 

416  | 

Montgomery, 

279  Division, 

South, 

90  1 

32  Pearl, 

South, 

37 

i  Morris, 

7  Broadway, 

West, 

20 

Morton, 

254  Bleecker, 

West, 

111  1 

i  Mott, 

178  Chatham, 

North, 

286 

Mulberry, 

150  Chatham, 

North, 

300 

Murray, 

247  Broadway, 

West, 

113 

Nassau, 

9  Wall, 

North, 

166 

New, 

4  Wall, 

South, 

64 

Ninth 

Sixth  Avenue, 

East. 

Nineteenth, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

Norfolk, 

206  Division, 

North, 

162 

North-Moore, 

149  Chapel, 

West, 

100 

Oak, 

392  Pearl, 

East, 

58 

|  Old- slip, 

1  Stone, 

South, 

33 

Oliver, 

187  Chatham, 

South, 

114 

Orange, 

18  Chatham, 

North, 

247 

Orchard, 

150  Division, 

North, 

195 

Park-row, 

East, 

37 

j  Park- place, 

239  Broadway, 

West, 

23 

Pearl, 

14  State, 

East  &  North,  574 

Peck-slip, 

314  Pearl, 

South, 

45 

'  Pelham, 

1 16  Monroe, 

South, 

11 

jPell, 

20  Bowery, 

West, 

33 

:  Perry, 

60  Greenwich-lane, 

West, 

163 

|  Pike, 

141  Division, 

South, 

90 

j  Pine, 

108  Broadway, 

East, 

99 

42 

LIST  OF  STREETS. 

Names. 

Where  they  commence. 

n-    t.     Whole  No. 
Direction.  oftbe8t. 

Pitt, 

428  Grand, 

North, 

126 

Piatt, 

223  Pearl, 

West, 

45 

Prince, 

232  Bowery, 

West, 

186 

Rector, 

80  Broadway, 

West, 

21 

Roade, 

11  Or  ossj 

West, 

195 

I  Renwick, 

222  Canal, 

North, 

46 

Republican-alley, 

36  Reade, 

20 

Rider's-alley, 

70  Fulton, 

10 

Ridge, 

260  Division, 

North, 

130 

Rivington, 

215  Bowery, 

East, 

320 

Robinson, 

4  College-place, 

West, 

75 

Rosevelt, 

137  Chatham, 

South, 

110 

Rose, 

40  Frankfort, 

N.  East, 

57 

Rutgers, 

193  Division, 

South, 

94 

Scammel, 

450  Grand, 

Souih, 

66 

Second, 

325  Bowery, 

East, 

320 

Seventeenth, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

1  Seventh, 

Third  Avenue  to 

East  R. 

!  Sheriff, 

458  Grand, 

North 

14/ 

1  Sixteenth, 

1 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

|  Sixth, 

Third  Avenue  to 

East  R. 

j  Smith, 

16  Hammersley, 

South, 

20 

South, 

63  Whitehall, 

East, 

203 

j  Spring, 

190  Bowery, 

West, 

315 

j  Spruce, 

152  Nassau, 

S.  East, 

45 

Stanton, 

257  Bowery, 

East, 

330 

Staple, 

175  Duane, 

North, 

40 

State, 

24  Whitehall, 

w.  <fc  North, 

20 

St.  John's-lane, 

9  Beach, 

North, 

20 

Stone, 

17  Whitehall, 

East, 

65 

Stiryvesant, 

401  Bowery, 

East, 

K1 
Dl 

Stuyvesant-place, 

Seventh, 

North  R. 

Suffolk, 

230  Division, 

North, 

loo 

Sullivan, 

150  Canal, 

North, 

240 

Temple, 

92  Liberty, 

South, 

20 

Tenth, 

Sixth  Avenue, 

East. 

Thames, 

111  Broadway, 

West, 

13 

Theatre-alley, 

17  Ann, 

North, 

7 

Third, 

347  Bowery, 

East, 

440 

Thirteenth, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R, 

J 

ENVIRONS  OP  NEW  YORK. 

43 

Names. 

Where  they  commence. 

...    t.      Whole  No. 
Diction,  0fthest. 

Thomas, 

128  Church, 

West, 

52 

Thompson, 

132  Canal, 

North, 

270 

Tompkins, 

556  Grand, 

North, 

60 

Torbert, 

57  Henry, 

South, 

20 

Troy, 

180  Greenwich, 

West, 

120 

Try  on -row, 

36  Chatham, 

West, 

12 

Twelfth. 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

Twentieth, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

Twenty -first, 

Hudson  River  to 

East  R. 

Vandam, 

15  McDougal, 

West, 

99 

Vandewater, 

56  Frankfort, 

East, 

43 

Varick, 

132  Franklin, 

North, 

227 

Vesey, 

217  Broadway, 

West, 

110 

Vestry, 

161  Canal, 

West, 

70 

Walker, 

159  Chapel, 

East, 

294 

Wall, 

88  Broadway, 

East, 

95 

Walnut, 

302  Henry, 

South, 

77 

Warren, 

261  Broadway, 

West, 

120 

Washington-place, 

710  Broadway, 

West, 

24 

Washington, 

20  Battery-place, 

North, 

840 

Water, 

44  Whitehall, 

East, 

738 

Watts, 

46  Sullivan, 

West, 

100 

Waverley-place, 

98  Grove, 

East, 

141 

Weehawken, 

Christopher, 

North. 

West, 

24  Albany, 

North, 

390 

White, 

143  Chapel, 

East, 

136 

Whitehall, 

30  Marketfield, 

South, 

63 

WUlet, 

444  Grand, 

North, 

135 

William, 

107  Pearl, 

N.  East, 

273 

Wooster, 

94  Canal, 

North, 

250 

York,  * 

9  St.  John's-lane, 

East, 

17 

The  number  of  regulated  streets,  lanes,  &c.,  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  is  about  three  hundred. 


ENVIRONS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

The  place  next  in  importance  to  New  York,  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity,  and  intimately  connected  with  it,  is  the 
City  of  Brooklyn,  situated  on  the  west  end  of  Long 
Island,  and  opposite  the  lower  part  of  the  City  of  New 


(44 


ENVIRONS  OF  NEW  YORK. 


York,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  East  River, 
which  at  this  place  is  about  half  a  mile  wide. 
;     Brooklyn  was  settled  in  the  year  1636.    Though  it  was 
the  most  considerable  of  the  Dutch  settlements  near  New 
York,  it  did  not  choose  regular  magistrates  until  1646, 
though  some  kind  of  authority  was  previously  established. 
The  first  house  for  public  worship,  which  was  a  Dutch  j 
Church,  was  erected  in  1666.  Six  years  previous  to  this,  the  j 
Rev.  Henricus  Selwyn,  a  minister  of  the  Dutch  Church, 
had  been  installed  in  Brooklyn,  with  a  salary  of  600 
guilders,  or  240  dollars,  one  half  of  which  was  paid  by  the 
inhabitants,  and  the  other  half  by  Fatherland,  or  Holland. 
.  St.  Ann's  Episcopal  Church  was  established  in  1766 
:    In  August,  1776,  Long  Island  became  the  seat  of  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  many  of  the  remains  of  fortifica- 
tians  then  thrown  up,  are  still  to  be  seen  in  Brooklyn, 
though  some  of  them  have  been  obliterated  in  the  regu- 
j  lation  of  streets.    The  population  of  the  place,  at  that 
time  was  small,  and  the  number  of  houses  was  few.  At 
the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  it  had  but  56  houses. 

Brooklyn  is  connected  with  the  City  of  New  York  by 
four  ferries,  on  which  steamboats  continually  rim.  The 
ferry  from  Fulton-street  in  Brooklyn,  to  Fulton-street  in 
;  New  York,  is  731  yards  wide.  The  ferry  from  Main- 
street  in  Brooklyn  to  Catharine-street  in  New  York,  is 
736  yards.  The  Jackson-street,  or  Navy  Yard  ferry,  is 
707  yards.  The  south  ferry  from  Atlantic-street  in  Brook- 
;  lyn  to  Whitehall  in  New  York,  is  about  1300  yards  wide. 

Brooklyn  received  a  city  charter  in  April  8th,  1834. 
It  has  recently  advanced  very  rapidly  in  population  and 
improvement,  and,  in  the  number  of  its  inhabitants,  it 
now  ranks  as  the  third  place  in  the  state. 

The  population  of  Brooklyn,  in  1820,  was  7,175;  in 
1825,  it  was  10.791 ;  in  1830,  "it  was  15,394,  and  in  1835, 
i  it  was  about  25,000.  The  principal  part  of  the  inhabit- 
I  ants  are  in  the  first  five  wards.  From  1820  to  1830,  the 
I  gain  was  at  the  rate  of  50  per  cent,  in  5  years.  From 
!  1830  to  1835,  it  was  about  65  per  cent.  During  the  last 
period,  real  estate  advanced  with  great  rapidity, 
i  In  the  year  1835,  there  were  built,  or  in  progress,  321 
;  houses,  out-houses,  and  churches.  Of  these,  there  were 
!  of  brick,  25  of  two  stories ;  35  of  three  stories  ;  and  43  of 
four  stories.  The  churches  erected  were,  1  Episcopal,  1 
I  Baptist,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Catholic.  A  Lyceum  is 
also  in  progress. 


ENVIRONS  OY  NEW   YORK.  45 

The  city,  which  includes  the  whole  of  the  former  town 
of  Brooklyn,  is  divided  into  nine  Wards,  each  of  which 
chooses  two  Aldermen,  who  constitute  the  Common 
Council  and  elect  the  Mayor. 

CHURCHES. 

The  following  churches  have  been  established  in 
Brooklyn:  Presbyterian,  3 — Episcopalian,  4 — Baptist,  2— 
Dutch  Reformed,"  1 — Methodist,  3—  Roman  Catholic,  2— 
Unitarian,  1— Friends,  1— Total,  17. 

LITERARY  INSTITUTIONS. 

Among  the  literary  institutions  of  Brooklyn,  are  the 
Lyceum,  in  Washington-street,  in  which  an  annual  course 
of  lectures  is  delivered  during  the  winter  season,  a  highly 
prosperous  and  useful  institution. 

The  United  States  Naval  Lyceum,  at  the  Navy  Yard,  an 
enterprising  association. 

The  Hamilton  Literary  Association,  composed  of  young 
men. 

The  Collegiate  Institute  for  Young  Ladies,  in  Hicks- 
street,  incorporated  in  1829  ;  and  several  male,  and  female 
schools,  of  a  high  order,  besides  a  good  number  of  common 
schools. 

BANKS. 

The  Long  Island  Bank,  at  No.  7  Front-street,  was 
chartered  in^l824,  with  a  capital  of  300.000  dollars. 

The  Brooklyn  Bank,  at  No.  5  Front-street,  was  char- 
tered in  1832,  with  a  capital  of  200,000  dollars. 

The  Bank  for  Savings,  at  the  comer  of  Henry  and 
Cranberry  streets.  In  1834.  one  thousand  and  sixty  con- 
tributors had  deposited  98,000  dollars. 

INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

The  Brooklyn  'Fire  Insurance  Company,  in  the  Appren- 
tices' Librarv*  and  the  Long  Island  Insurance  Company, 
No.  2  Front-street,  with  a  capital  of  200.000  dollars. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

There  is  1  weekly,  1  semi-weekly,  and  1  daily  paper, 
published  in  Brooklyn. 


I;  46  ENVIRONS  OF  NEW  YORK. 

There  are,  in  Brooklyn,  about  one  hundred  streets , 
!  opened,  and  wholly  or  partially  regulated;  and  many  of; 
•  the  streets  are  paved  and  lighted.  It  is  designed  soon,  by  \ 
i  means  of  commissioners  appointed  according  to  an  act  of; 
|  the  Legislature,  to  lay  out  the  whole  city  territory  into 
j  blocks  and  streets.  The  new  City  Hall,  which  will  be  I 
j  an  expensive  and  splendid  building,  is  about  being  erected.  | 
The  Village  of  Williamsburgh,  in  the  town  of  Bush- 1 
wick,  on  Long  Island,  opposite  the  northeastern  part  of: 
I  the  City  of  New  York,  is  a  pleasant  and  rapidly  advan- 
!  cing  village. 

In  the  whole  town  of  Bushwick  there  were,  in  1825, 
985  inhabitants ;  in  1830,  1260 ;  and  in  1835,  3314.  Of 
I  this  last  number,  nearly  3000  were  in  the  village  of  "Wil- 
i  liamsburgh,  which  at  this  time  contained  about  300  houses. 
|  The  population  of  this  place  has  increased  more  than  one  ' 
j  hundred  per  cent,  in  5  years.  Real  estate  has  advanced  i 
I  still  more  rapidly  during  the  same  period. 

Of  72  streets  which  have  been  laid  out,  13  have  been 
opened  and  regulated,  and  4  have  been  paved. 

One  ferry  connects  this  place  with  the  City  of  New 
York,  and  two  others  have  been  granted. 

Jersey  City,  on  the  shore  of  New  Jersey  opposite  New ! 
York,  is  a  growing  place,  which  has  already  risen  to  con- 
siderable importance.  Powles  Hook  ferry  connects  it 
with  the  City  of  New  York ;  and  by  this  facility  of  com- 
munication, it  must  partake,  in  a  measure,  of  the  pros- 
perity of  the  great  commercial  emporium. 


MAPS 


RECENTLY  PUBLISHED  BY 

J.  H.  COL  TO  A*  A*  CO, 

No.  4  SPRUCE-STREET,  NEW-YORK. 


A  six  sheet  Map  of  the  State  of  New- York,  by  David 
H.  Burr.  On  this  Map  are  engraved  separate  plans  of  all 
the  Cities  in  the  State,  and  several  of  the  principal 
Villages. 

A  three  sheet  Topographical  Map  of  the  City  and 
County  of  New- York,  embracing  the  whole  of  Manhattan 
Island,  the  Hudson  and  East  Rivers,  with  the  adjacent 
shores,  including  very  accurate  plans  of  Brooklyn,  Wil- 
liamsburgh,  Jersey  City,  &c. 

A  two  sheet  Map  of  the  City  and  County  ofNew-York. 
Do.  do.  do.  do.  smaller. 

A  Map  of  the  surveyed  part  of  Michigan,  exhibit  ing  the 
sections,  by  John  Farmer.  This  Map  is  from  actual  sur- 
vey, and  exhibits  not  only  every  Lot  or  Section,  but  the 
Prairies,  Lakes,  Streams,  Villages,  Roads,  Post  Offices, 
County,  Township,  and  Sectional  Lines,  and  is  so  con- 
structed, that  an  entire  stranger  to  woods,  who  has  the 
Map  and  understands  it,  may,  without  the  fear  of  being 
lost,  travel  through  the  wilderness. 

A  Map  of  the  Territories  of  Michigan  and  Wiscon. 
sin,  by  John  Farmer. 

A  tvvo  sheet  Map  of  Mexico. 
11  "  Ireland, 

"  *'  Brooklyn. 

A  four  sheet  Map  of  Detroit,  very  carefully  and  accu- 
rately compiled,  by  John  Farmer. 

One  sheet  Maps  of  the  State  of  New-York,  Ohio, 
United  States,  World,  City  of  New-York,  Michigan, 
Texas,  West  Indies. 

They  are  preparing  and  have  nearly  ready  for  publica- 
tion,  an  elegant  Map  of  the  Vicinity  of  New-York,  giving 
a  minute  description  of  the  Country  around  the  City,  on  a 


large  scale.  It  will  embrace  the  whole  of  Long.Islandt 
Staten.  Island,  the  eastern  portion  of  New-Jersey,  the 
whole  of  New. York,  Rockland,  and  West-Chester 
Counties,  and  the  Shores  of  Connecticut. 

Also,  an  entirely  new,  correct  and  enlarged  Map  of 
Illinois,  compiled  by  J.  M.  Peck  and  John  Messenger, 
from  actual  surveys,  so  far  as  the  State  has  been  surveyed — 
from  official  documents,  and  other  sources  of  accurate 
information. 

The  Township  and  Sectional  lines,  with  the  fractions, 
offsetts,  excesses  and  deficiencies,  will  be  given,  so  far  as 
correct  surveys  have  been  returned  to  the  office  of  the 
Surveyor  General;  and  the  surveyed  portion  of  the  State 
will  be  distinguished  from  the  unsurveyed ;  the  prairie 
from  the  timbered  land;  inundated  land,  swamps,  &c. 
from  those  that  are  dry,  and,  where  room  admits,  the 
quality  and  other  particulars  of  the  soil  will  be  noticed. 

The  Towns,  Villages,  Post  Offices,  and  Ferries,  will  be 
placed  on  the  sections  and  quarters  where  located,  and 
the  County  Seats  and  boundaries  of  each  County  properly 
distinguished. 

The  principal  Roads,  with  the  contemplated  Canals  and 
Rail  Roads,  will  be  delineated,  and  the  distances  from 
place  to  place  marked. 

Plots  will  be  given  in  the  margin  of  Alton  and  environs, 
for  forty  miles  in  extent;  and  of  Galena,  the  lead  region, 
including  a  portion  of  Wisconsin  Territory  and  tho 
Dubuque  and  Des  Moines  country. 


S.   STILES  &  CO. 
ENGRAVERS  AND  PRINTERS, 
No.  4  Spruce  Street, 

NEW-YORK. 

Maps,  Charts,  Diplomas,  Bills  of  Exchange,  Cards, 
Landscapes,  &c.  &c. 

SNGRAVBD  AND  PRINTED. 


